Much of this info was taken from www.FIFA.com and has been altered, I would have altered it more but it was so well written I couldn't bring myself to soil such a lovely peice. Wish I could write like that.

Magical & Revolutionary Garment at an Unbelievable Price*

Sandyford - January 29, 2010 - grabaGAFF today introduced tGAG, a revolutionary device for keeping warm, looking good, providing some rain protection, hiding nudity and assisting invisibility in a very dark room, it can be worn while driving, listening to music, playing games, reading and much more. tGAGs fabric is Multi-Touchable and has a display which lets users physically interact with others by showing them the high resolution content affixed at mirroring points. tGAG is just 0.5 inches thick when ironed and weighs just 1 pound (probably) thinner and lighter than most jumpers that you put on the top of your lap (or laptops) or indeed jackets/coats. tGAG includes new innovative visual applications designed especially for the tGAG.

tGAG will be available in late January starting at the breakthrough price of just €15 ish (This will be the cost price).

"tGAG is our most advanced fabric technology in a magical and revolutionary garment at an unbelievable price," said WtfFonzie Mendez, grabaGAFF's Marketing director. "tGAG creates and defines an entirely new dimension of garments that will connect users with their peers and show in a much more intimate, intuitive and fun way what they feel by the display on their t shirt display unit (TDU)."

The first installment of tGAG's heat and display system is related to the Valentine holiday, dealing delicately with the idiom of love, it features an image very much associated with being in love, a broken heart, with the reverse display informing casual reviewers that "You deplete me", an obvious and frankly hilarious parody on the norm "You complete me", thus a must have for any gadget gurus and users of clothing everywhere.

Press Contacts:
WtfFonzie Mendez,
grabaGAFF,
wtf@grabagaff.com

NOTE TO EDITORS: For additional information visit Grabagaff's website, grabagaff.com

* disclaimer: may not be magical, revolutionary or a garment. Probably.

It's 22:30. It's been a hell of a day. I raise my hat and wipe my brow despite the femme fatale who sits in front of me. She's watching, but I don't care. I've succeeded today. She knows that and she'll pay. I take a look around the room. Those who know nod in solemn appreciation, those who don't dart eyes towards the ground. Her eyes don't leave mine as she signs the cheque. Two kinds of validation for a job well done. She slides the paper promise into my hand and lets hers linger. Subtle promise in this faux noir world we live in.

I watch her open the door. She nods towards her card, a paper declaration of things to come. I hate to see her go but I love to watch her leave.

Alone, cash in hand, my sense of satisfaction yearns for celebration. Release. Physical notification of a job well done. I'll hit the off license.

But it's 10:30. Off licenses are closed by law at 10:00. What the fuck?

When did it become a bad idea to relax with a drink after an arbitrary time? Is it linked to the mandatory '8 hour sleep' myth? A 'clever' ploy to stop alcoholism? A pressured move by the Irish pubs owners to recover from years of greed? What about those who work unconventional hours? Those kind hearted tax paying citizens who just want to unwind after a busy day? And why narrow the sale of a lucrative taxable item?

Who voted this law into being? What was the real reason for this law being enacted?

And how can I punish those who made it be?

Disclaimer: grabaGAFF is all for a long days work, productivity and enhancing Irelands global rep. GrabaGAFF is also all for reward, recognition and release in forms adequate to the individual. Life is hard enough and nannying leads to bad things. Jebus taught us that.

Now is the time for Change to make the world a better Place

We live in interesting times. Recession has laid bare our taste for excess, while our means to exercise it slowly diminish. Simultaneously, worldwide attention has finally focused on the issue of climate change and the challenges it brings. As we begin to tackle this problem as a species, we at GrabaGAFF thought it fair we chip in.

Having taken a long hard look at the proverbial man in the mirror, we have decided to alter our stripes and become a vehicle of change. To that end...

Presenting... 100% Greener:

We took a hard look at our power consumption, curtailing that would reduce our impact on the earth (and the pressure on our pocket), until it was pointed out that most of GrabaGAFFs power is generated by a pair of gerbils on an exercise wheel in a dark room (we've laced their drinking bottles with Speed). Wind power? Without being rude, no! Solar? Nope - we work in that dark room too. So we looked for alternatives...

Rather than tread unproven ground involving carbon counting and whatnot, we decided to take a very corporate way out. What's better than saving Mother Earth?

Publicly stating you're saving Mother Earth in a loud attempt to enhance your brand awareness! In that spirit we have shed the former 'sky-is-the-limit' colour scheme for something that embraces Mother Gaias hair. Green is in! In colour schemes at least.

Sickening what passes for progress these days!

Disclaimer: while barely competent at providing student accommodation in Ireland, GrabaGAFF has taken a peek at the various climate models and found them lacking for one reason or another. We are however amused that the words 'man-kind' and 'planet' are often in the wrong places. Regardless of effort and taxes, the 'planet' will be here long after 'man-kind'.

Credits: hat-tip to brianlanigan.com for the use of the epic grass pic.

We tried to come up with a better name (header hedonism, logo logics etc) but failed miserably, mostly because some fool insisted the title rhyme.

Nevertheless, banner banter introduces graphical headers, its history and our reasoning for adding them. The usual grabaGAFF warnings of 'babbling nonsense' and 'descent into madness' apply:

Come in. Stay awhile. Stay forever!

Please send us an e.mail for each property you wish to feature. At a minimum we'd like an address, weekly rent, an indication of the nearest college and contact details you're comfortable sharing.

If you feel more adventurous please include distance to city/town centre and the college in question and some details about the gaff (tv channels, broadband, number of toilets, parking etc). Also feel free to include up to 10 photos in any format that suits you!

If you're looking for a reference property for inspiration we LOVE this property on Bunting Road in Dublin. Friendly, detailed, but to the point! Yummy!

Slide your way to a place to stay!

Use the sliding rails below to choose the college you're attending, and optionally, tell us how much you can pay on rent per month and the type of accommodation you'd prefer.

Dublin Business School

Established in 1975, Dublin Business School (DBS) is Ireland's largest independent third level college.

With over 9,000 students, DBS provides a comprehensive range of Full-time Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Evening Degree, Evening Diploma, Professional Accountancy and Executive Education programmes. DBS courses for 2008/2009 include Business, Management, Law, Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Event Management, Information Technology, Arts, Media, Journalism, Psychology and Social Science.

The School, which was originally known as Accountancy and Business College, was established in 1975 to provide evening courses for students preparing for the examinations of the professional accounting bodies. The School quickly established an excellent reputation for quality and standards and its students achieved a high level of success in the professional examinations.

Based on this reputation, the School developed rapidly and by the mid 1980s was providing accounting, marketing and banking courses for full-time and part-time students.

DBS continues to offer a wide range of professional programmes and, consistently over the years, its students have achieved exceptionally high pass rates and several world status awards and prizes in the professional examinations. The first undergraduate programme was introduced by the School in 1989 when the BA in Business Studies (Sandwich) Programme was offered under a franchise arrangement with the Liverpool Polytechnic, now Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU).
The relationship with Liverpool has developed successfully and the School became an Accredited Institution of LJMU in 1995.

As an Accredited Institution, DBS is authorised to develop its own programmes and to nominate its own external examiners, subject to approval by LJMU. There are elaborate review arrangements in place to ensure that the programmes developed by the School meet the standards required, and students completing these programmes are conferred with LJMU degrees.

The year 2000 was a further milestone in our development with the amalgamation of Dublin Business School and LSB College.
The amalgamation was seen by those involved as the most important and exciting development in the history of independent third level education in Ireland. LSB College has now become known as DBS School of Arts.

In 2003, Dublin Business School was acquired by Kaplan, Inc., the education division of The Washington Post Company.
Kaplan, Inc. is a leading provider of higher education, professional development and lifelong learning programmes with headquarters in New York City and locations throughout the U.S. and internationally.

As part of Kaplan Inc., DBS will play a central role in the implementation of group strategy for global development, particularly through its strategic alliances in the European market.

Kaplan Inc.s acquisition of Dublin Business School will not alone transform the independent third-level sector of Irish education but will enhance Irelands standing as an international education centre.

Dublin Business School, 13/14 Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland T: 353 (0) 1 4177500
Copyright 2007 Dublin Business School

Also on HeadRKT

Self-harm happens when someone hurts or harms themselves. They may:

• take too many tablets;
• cut themselves;
• burn their body;
• bang their head;
• throw their body against something hard;
• punch themselves;
• stick things in their body;
• swallow inappropriate objects.

It can feel to other people that these things are done coolly and deliberately - almost cynically. But someone who self-harms will usually do it in a state of high emotion, distress and unbearable inner turmoil. Some people plan it in advance, others do it suddenly. Some people self-harm only once or twice, but others do it regularly - it can become almost like an addiction.

Some of us harm ourselves in less obvious - but still serious - ways. We may behave in ways that suggest we don't care whether we live or die we may take drugs recklessly, have unsafe sex, or binge drink. Some people simply starve themselves.

Who self-harms?

Research probably under estimates how common self-harm is, and surveys find higher rates in communities and schools than in hospitals. Some types of self-harm, like cutting, may be more secret and so less likely to be noticed by other people. In a recent study of over 4,000 self-harming adults in hospital, 80% had overdosed and around 15% had cut themselves. In the community, these statistics would probably be reversed. We could go ahead and fire out a gaggle of labels as to 'who is more likely to self harm', but this implies that people are packagable, which they're not.

What makes people self-harm?

Emotional distress - people often struggle with difficulties for some time before they self-harm:

• physical or sexual abuse;
• feeling depressed;
• feeling bad about yourself;
• relationship problems with partners, friends, and family.

If you feel:

• that people don't listen to you;
• hopeless;
• isolated, alone;
• out of control;
• Using alcohol or drugs - it may feel that these are as out of control as the rest of your life.

How does it make you feel?

Self-harm can help you to feel in control, and reduce uncomfortable feelings of tension and distress. If you feel guilty, it can be a way of punishing yourself and relieving your guilt. Either way, it can become a 'quick fix' for feeling bad.

Are people who self-harm mentally ill?

Most people who self-harm are not mentally ill. However, some may be depressed, or have severe personality difficulties, or be addicted to alcohol and drugs. The risk of suicide increases after self-harm. Everyone who self-harms should be taken seriously and offered help.

Getting help

A lot of people who self-harm don't ask for help. Many people who self-harm know that they have serious problems, but don't feel that they can tell anyone so they don't talk to friends, family, or professionals. This situation is exacerbated where people are away from home in a strange environment. Other people don't feel that they have serious problems - they use self-harm as a way of coping, but their situation stays the same.

Danger signs

Those who are most likely to harm themselves badly:

• use a dangerous or violent method
• self-harm regularly
• are socially isolated

They should be assessed by someone with experience of self-harm and mental health problems. If you fit into this category or if you know someone who does, it is worth while finding out what services are on your campus. You could also contact either your family GP, or a local GP in the town or city where you're studying. Alternatively, you can contact headRKT@grabaGAFF.com, and we can help you source information relevant to your area.

How can I help myself?

When you want to harm yourself

The feelings of self-harm go away after a while. If you can cope with your upset without self-harming for a time, it will get easier over the next few hours. You can:

• Talk to someone - if you are on your own perhaps phone a friend
• If the person you are with is making you feel worse, go out, or if it's your house, tell them to get out
• Distract yourself by going out, singing or listening to music, or by doing anything (harmless) that interests you (were you ever interested in the college course that you signed up for? If so, how about tackling some of those pesky assignments!)
• Relax and focus your mind on something pleasant your very own personal comforting place
• Give yourself some 'harmless pain' - eat a hot chilli, or have a cold shower
• Focus your mind on positives
• Be kind to yourself - take some time out
• Write a diary or a letter, to explain what is happening to you - no one else needs to see it.

What if you don't want to stop self-harming?

If you decide that you don't want to stop self-harming, you can still:

• reduce the damage to your body (for example, use clean blades);
• keep thinking about possible answers to the things that make you harm yourself;
• every so often, re-visit your decision not to stop.

Self-harm can be very damaging physically and psychologically - in the end, you'll be better off stopping.

There are a number of questions to ask yourself to see if you are ready to stop. If you can honestly say YES to half of the questions below, or more, then why not try stopping?

• Are there at least two people who are willing to help me stop?
• Do I have friends that know about my self-harm, who I can go to if I get desperate?
• Have I found at least two alternative safe ways that reduce the feelings that lead me to self-harm?
• Am I able to tell myself, and to believe it, that I want to stop hurting myself?
• Can I tell myself that I WILL tolerate feelings of frustration, desperation, and fear?
• If necessary, is there a professional who will also give me support and help in a crisis?

What can I do if I know someone who self-harms?

It can be very upsetting to be close to someone who self-harms, but there are things you can do. The most important is to listen to them without judging them or being critical. Although this can be very hard, if you are upset and perhaps angry about what they are doing, it's important to remember that this isn't about you. Try to concentrate on them rather than your own feelings.

Do

• Talk to them when they feel like self-harming. Try to understand their feelings, and then move the conversation to other things
• Take some of the mystery out of self-harm by helping them find out about self-harm perhaps on the internet or at the college library. Don't worry about people noticing what you're reading, most of the time, people don't even know what section their own course books are in, and they'll be far too absorbed to care about what you're looking at
• Find out about getting help - maybe go with them to see someone in the college counselling service, or ask them to log on here.
• Help them to think about their self-harm not as a shameful secret, but as a problem to be sorted out.

Don't

• Don't try to be their therapist. Therapy is complicated and you have enough to deal with as their friend, partner or relative.
• Don't expect them to stop overnight, it's difficult and takes time and effort.
• Don't react strongly, with anger, hurt, or upset. This is likely to make them feel worse. You can talk honestly about the effect it has on you, but do this calmly, in a way that shows how much you care for them.
• Don't struggle with them when they are about to self-harm. You could get hurt or cause them to seriously harm themselves.
• Don't make them promise not to do it again or make your involvement with them the basis for an agreement for stopping.
• Don't make yourself responsible for their self-harm or become the person who is supposed to stop them. If you want to lend support that's fine, but you are not responsible for their self harming. You must get on with your own life as well. Make sure you talk to someone close to you, so you get some support.

Internet help

• www.selfharm.org.uk
  Resource for young people who self-harm.
• www.recoveryourlife.com
  A self harm self-help and support site.
• www.aware.ie
  Aware: helping to defeat depression.
• www.mentalhealthireland.ie
  Mental Health Ireland promotes positive mental health and supports persons with a mental illness, their families and carers.

Telephone Help

• Samaritans - telephone and support for anyone who is worried or upset 1850 60 90 90.

Self-Help Books

• The Scarred Soul: Understanding and Ending Self-inflicted Violence by Tracy Alderman: New Harbinger Publications.
• Healing the Hurt Within: understand self-injury and self-harm, and heal the emotional wounds by Jan Sutton: How To Books Ltd.

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Also on HeadRKT

Men seem to suffer from depression just as often as women, but they are less likely to ask for help.

Why is it important?

Depression causes a huge amount of suffering. It is a major reason for people taking time off work. Many people who kill themselves have been depressed - so it is potentially fatal. However, it is easy to treat, and this is best done as early as possible.

What's the difference between just feeling miserable and being depressed?

Everyone has times in their lives when they feel down or depressed. It is usually for a good reason, does not dominate your life and does not last for a long time. However, if the depression goes on for a long time, or becomes very severe, you may find yourself stuck and unable to lift yourself out of the depression.

This is what doctors call a depressive illness. Some people suffer from manic depression (also called bipolar affective disorder). They have periods of bad depression, but also times of great elation and over activity. These can be just as harmful as the periods of depression. (See our leaflet on Manic Depression/Bipolar disorder).

What are the signs and symptoms?

If you are depressed, you will probably notice some of the following:

In mind you:

• feel unhappy, miserable, down, depressed. It just won't go away and can be worse at a particular time of day, often first thing in the morning.
• can't enjoy anything.
• can't concentrate properly.
• feel guilty about things that have nothing to do with you.
• become pessimistic.
• start to feel hopeless, and perhaps even suicidal.

In body you:

• can't get to sleep, and wake early in the morning and/or throughout the night
• loose interest in sex
• can't eat
• Lose weight

Other people may notice that you:

• perform less well at work.
• seem unusually quiet and unable to talk about things.
• worry about things more than usual.
• are more irritable than usual.
• complain more about vague physical problems.
• are not looking after yourself properly - you may not bother to shave, wash your hair, look after your clothes.

How is depression different for men?

There is no evidence for a completely separate type of 'male depression'. However, there is evidence that some symptoms of depression are more common in men than in women. These include:

• irritability
• sudden anger
• increased loss of control
• greater risk-taking
• aggression.

Men are also more likely to commit suicide.

Getting help

Men seem to suffer from depression just as often as women, but are less likely to ask for help. It may also be that men try to deal with their depression by using drugs and alcohol. This might account for the fact that, although men are diagnosed as having depression less than women, they abuse drugs and alcohol rather more.

Men's attitudes and behaviour

Compared with women, men tend to be more competitive and concerned with power and success. Most men don't like to admit that they feel fragile or that they need help. They feel that they should rely on themselves, and that it is somehow weak to have to depend on someone else, even for a short time. So they are less likely to talk about their feelings with their friends, loved ones or their doctors. This may be why they don't get the help they need.

This traditional view of how men should be - always tough and self-reliant - is also held by some women. Some men worry that, if they talk about their feelings of depression, their partner may reject them. Even professionals may share this view, and do not spot depression in men as often as they should.

How do men cope?

Instead of talking about how they feel, men may use alcohol or drugs to feel better. This usually makes things worse, certainly in the long run. Your work will suffer and alcohol often leads to irresponsible, unpleasant or dangerous behaviour. Men may also focus more on their work than their relationships or home life. This can cause conflicts with your wife or partner. All of these things make depression more likely.

Relationships

For married men, research has shown that trouble in a marriage or long-term relationship is the single most common problem associated with depression. Men can't cope with disagreements as well as women. Arguments actually make men feel very physically uncomfortable. They try to avoid arguments or difficult discussions. The partner will want to talk about a problem, but he will do his best to avoid it. The partner then feels ignored and tries to talk about it more, which makes the man feel he is being nagged. So, he withdraws further, which makes his partner feel even more ignored and so on ... This vicious circle can destroy a relationship.

Separation and divorce

Men have traditionally seen themselves as being in control of their families' lives. However, the process of separation and divorce is most often started by women. Of all men, those who are divorced are most likely to kill themselves, probably because depression is more common and more severe in this group. This may be because, as well as losing their main relationship:

• they often lose touch with their children
• they may have to move to live in a different place
• they often find themselves short of money.

These are stressful events in themselves, quite apart from the stress of the break-up, and may bring on depression.

Sex

When men are depressed, they feel less good about their bodies and less sexy. Many go off sex completely. Several recent studies suggest that, in spite of this, men who are depressed have intercourse just as often, but they don't feel as satisfied as usual. A few depressed men actually report an increase in sexual drive and intercourse, possibly as a way of trying to make themselves feel better. Another problem may be that some antidepressant drugs reduce sex-drive in a small number of men. However, the good news is that, as the depression improves, so will sexual desire, performance and satisfaction.

It's worth remembering that it can happen the other way round. Impotence (difficulty in getting or keeping an erection) can bring about depression. Again, this is a problem for which it is usually possible to find effective help.

Pregnancy and children

We have known for many years that some mothers feel severely depressed after having a baby. It is only recently that we have realised that more than 1 in 10 fathers also suffer psychological problems during this time. This shouldn't really be surprising. We know that major events in people's lives, even good ones like moving house, can make you depressed. And this particular event changes your life more than any other. Suddenly, you have to spend much more of your time looking after your partner, and possibly other children, and you may be very tired.

On an intimate level, new mothers tend to be less interested in sex for a number of months. Simple tiredness is the main problem, although you may take it personally and feel that you are being rejected. You may have to adjust, perhaps for the first time, to taking second place in your partner's affections. You may also find that you can't spend so much time at work. 

New fathers are more likely to become depressed if their partner is depressed, if they aren't getting on with their partner, or if they are unemployed. This isn't important just from the father's point of view. It will affect the mother and may have an impact on how the baby grows and develops in the first few months.

Unemployment & retirement

Leaving work, for any reason, can be stressful. Recent research has shown that up to 1 in 7 men who become unemployed will develop a depressive illness in the next 6 months.

After relationship difficulties, unemployment is the thing most likely to push a man into a serious depression - work is often the main source of a man's sense of worth and self-esteem. You may lose the signs of your success, such as the company car. You may have to adjust to being at home, looking after children, while your wife or partner becomes the bread-winner.

From a position of being in control, you may face a future over which you have little, especially if it takes a long time to find another job.

You are more likely to become depressed if you are shy, if you don't have a close relationship or if you don't manage to find another job. Depression itself can make it harder to get another job. 

Even retiring from work at the usual age can be difficult for many men, especially if your partner continues to work. It can be hard to adjust to losing the structure of your day and your contact with colleagues.

Gay men and depression

On the whole, gay men do not suffer from depression any more than straight men. However, it seems that gay teenagers and young adults are more likely to become depressed, possibly due to the stress of coming out'.

Suicide

Men are around 3 times more likely to kill themselves than women. Suicide is commonest among men who are separated, widowed or divorced and is more likely if someone is a heavy drinker.

Over the last few years, men have become more likely to kill themselves, particularly those aged between 16 and 24 years and those between 39 and 54 years. We don't yet know the reason for this.

We do know that around half the people who kill themselves will have seen their GP in the previous 4 weeks - although not necessarily to discuss their emotional state. However, fewer men than women will have seen their GP in the year before their suicide. We also know that about 2 out of 3 people who kill themselves will have talked about it to friends or family.

Asking someone if he is feeling suicidal will not put the idea into his head or make it more likely that he will kill himself. Even if someone is not very good at talking about how he is feeling, it is important to ask if you have any suspicion - and to take such ideas seriously.

For a man who feels suicidal, there is nothing more demoralising than to feel that others do not take him seriously. He will often have taken some time to pluck up the courage to tell anyone about it.

If you find yourself feeling so bad that you have thought about suicide, it can be a great relief to talk about it.

Violence

Some studies have shown that men who commit violent crimes are more likely to get depressed than men who don't. However, we don't know if the depression makes their violence more likely, or if it's just the way they lead their lives.

Helping Men

Many men find it difficult to ask for help when they are depressed - it can feel unmanly and weak. It may be easier for men to ask for help if those who give that help take into account men's special needs.

Men who are depressed are more likely to talk about the physical symptoms of their depression than the emotional and psychological ones. This may be one reason why doctors sometimes don't diagnose it. If you are feeling wretched, don't hold back - tell your GP.

It can help to see depression as a result of chemical changes in the brain and/or as the inevitable cost of living in a demanding and difficult world. It is nothing to do with being weak or unmanly and it can be helped. Both talking and medication can be important ways to help you get better.

If a depressed man is married, or in a steady relationship - straight or gay - his partner should be involved so that she/he can understand what is happening. This will make it less likely for the depression to interfere with their relationship.

Some men don't feel comfortable talking about themselves, and so may be reluctant to consider psychotherapy. However, it is a powerful way of relieving depression and works well for many men.

Helping yourself

Don't bottle things up - if you've had a major upset in your life, try to tell someone how you feel about it.

Keep active - get out of doors and take some exercise, even if it's only a walk. This will help to keep you physically fit and you will sleep better. It can also help you not to dwell on painful thoughts and feelings.

Eat properly - you may not feel very hungry, but you should eat a balanced diet, with lots of fruit and vegetables. It's easy to lose weight and run low on vitamins when you are depressed.

Avoid alcohol and drugs - alcohol may make you feel better for a couple of hours, but it will make you more depressed in the long run. The same goes for street drugs, particularly amphetamines, cocaine and ecstasy.

Don't get upset if you can't sleep - do something restful that you enjoy, like listening to the radio or watching television. Use relaxation techniques - if you feel tense all the time, try exercise, yoga, massage, aromatherapy etc.

Do something you enjoy - set some time aside regularly each week to do something you really enjoy - exercise, reading, a hobby.

Check out your lifestyle - a lot of people who have depression are perfectionists and tend to drive themselves too hard. You may need to set yourself more realistic targets and reduce your workload.

Take a break - this may be easier said than done, but it can be really helpful to get away and out of your normal routine for a few days. Even a few hours can be helpful.

Read about depression - there are now many books and websites about depression. Not only can they help you to cope, but they may also help friends and relatives to understand what you are going through.

Remember, in the long run, depression can be helpful - some people come out of it stronger and coping better than before. You may see situations and relationships more clearly, and may now have the strength and wisdom to make important decisions and changes that you were avoiding before.

Finding more help

• The best place to start is your GP. He or she will be able to discuss the options with you.
• It is true that many men are concerned that the information held by their GPs may need to be given in medical reports, and so may damage their chances in work. It's important to remember that, in the UK, it is illegal for an employer to fire you - or not hire you - solely because you have a diagnosis of a certain disorder. Their only grounds for this are that your condition (whatever it is) will actually interfere with your ability to do the job.
• Depression may be due to physical illness, so it is important that you have a proper physical check-up. If you are already receiving treatment for some physical disorder, your GP will need to know because of the possible interactions between drugs.
• Any worries about confidentiality should be discussed with your GP.
• If you really feel that you can't talk about it with anyone you know, try Samaritans 24 hour telephone helpline. This will allow you to discuss things anonymously.
• Depression can be as much of an illness as pneumonia or breaking your leg. You shouldn't feel embarrassed or ashamed about it. The most important thing to remember is to ask for the help you need, when you need it.
• If you need more information, or to talk to somebody confidentially, the following lists of publications and other organisations may be helpful.

Remember - depression is common, treatable and you are entitled to the help you need.

If you are experiencing an EMERGENCY -- an immediate threat of harm to yourself or someone else -- call 999 NOW or 112 if you are on a mobile phone.

If your situation is URGENT -- needs immediate attention but is not an emergency (see above) -- contact your Student Counselling Service during operating hours on weekdays and ask to speak to the crisis counsellor.

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Also on HeadRKT

More than 9 out of 10 people in Ireland drink alcohol. It's part of our culture & we feel comfortable with it.

While moderate drinking doesn't cause many problems, the last 15 years, has featured a radical increase in the consumption of alcohol as Irish society has become wealthier. We are starting to drink at a younger age and are drinking more. More than 1 in 4 men and about 1 in 7 women are drinking more than is medically safe for them. According to the Department of Health and children, around 1 in 8 men are physically addicted to alcohol.

How does alcohol affect the brain?

Alcohol has a lot in common with other drugs that act on the brain, such as tranquillisers. If you drink it regularly, you find that it has less effect. You need to drink more and more to get the effect you want. This is called 'tolerance' and is a powerful part of becoming addicted to alcohol.

Alcohol can also lead to:

• Dementia - memory loss, rather like Alzheimer's dementia.
• Psychosis - long- term drinkers can start to hear voices.
  
• Dependence - if you stop drinking, you get withdrawal symptoms such as shaking, nervousness and (sometimes) seeing things that aren't there.
  
• Suicide - 40% of men who try to kill themselves have had a long- standing alcohol problem. - 70% of those who succeed in killing themselves have drunk alcohol before doing so.
  

What is the connection between depression and alcohol?

It is generally known that there is a connection - self-harm and suicide are more prevalent where people have alcohol problems. It seems that it can work in two ways. If you drink too much, too regularly, you are more likely to become depressed. Regular drinking can leave us tired and depressed.

There is evidence that alcohol changes the chemistry of the brain itself and that this increases the risk of depression. Habitually enduring hangovers creates a cycle of waking up feeling ill, anxious and guilty. Regular drinking can make life depressing leading to family arguments, arguments with house mates, poor work, unreliable memory and sexual problems.

If you drink alcohol to relieve anxiety or depression, you will become more depressed. Alcohol helps us to forget our problems for a while. It can help us to relax and overcome any shyness. It can make talking easier and more fun, whether in the pub, a club or at a party. It is a very effective way of feeling better for a few hours.

If you are depressed and lacking in energy, it can be tempting to use alcohol to help you keep going and cope with life. The problem is that it is easy to slip into drinking regularly, using it like a medication. The benefits soon wear off, the drinking becomes part of a routine, and you have to keep drinking more to get the same effect.

How much alcohol is too much?

Some drinks are stronger than others. The easiest way to work out how much you are drinking is to count "units" of alcohol. 1 unit is 10 grammes of alcohol - the amount in a standard pub measure differs according to the drink and the brand, so rather than bringing a calculator along to the pub, just try to stop when you're talking too much shit. You'll know when this happens because youll be standing on your own. Order a pint of water, go home and have a word with yourself, oh, and drink less next time.

If a man and woman of the same weight drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman will have a much higher amount in her bodily organs than the man. So, unfair as it may seem, the safe limit is lower for women (14 units per week) than for men (21 units per week).

"Binge" drinking

How much you drink at one time is also important. These "safe limits" assume that our drinking is spread out through the week. In any one day, it is best for a man to drink no more than 4 units and for a woman to drink no more than 3 units. Drinking over 8 units in a day for men or 6 units for women is known as 'binge drinking'.

You can drink above the safe limit on one night, but still remain within your "safe" limit for the week. There is some evidence that, even a couple of days of binge drinking, may start to kill off brain cells. Going on a bender every once in a while doesn't mean you're an alcoholic nor will it kill off all of your brain cells and turn you into a moron, the moronishness will wear off about lunchtime the following day after you sober up.

Binge drinking also seems to be connected with an increased risk of early death in middle aged men so watch out for that.

Guide to units of alcohol

The table below gives a rough guide to the amount of alcohol found in standard measures of different drinks. These guidelines are approximate and may vary depending on the brand chosen and the size of measure. All alcohol sold in Ireland above 1.2% ABV (Alcohol By Volume) should state how strong it is in percentages (%), that's if you buy cans or bottles, if you're on spirits or pints, you'll have to make a rough guess.

We hope this table helps. The higher the percentage, the more alcohol it has in it. Pub measures are generally tiny compared to the amount you pour yourself at home.

Beer, Cider & Alco pops Strength ABV Half Pint Pint Bottle/ Can 330ml Bottle/ Can 500ml Bottle 1 Litre Ordinary strength beer, lager or cider eg. Bulmers 3-4% 1 2 1.5 1.9 - Export strength beer, lager or cider eg. Budweiser, Heineken, Kronenbourg, 5% 1.25 2.5 2 2.5 - Extra strong beer, lager or cider eg. Home Brew! 8-9% 2.5 4.5 3 4.5 9 Alco pops eg. Bacardi Breezer, Smirnoff Ice. 5% - - 1.7 - - Wines & Spirits Strength ABV Small glass/ pub measure Wine glass Bottle 750 ml Table Wine 10-12% - 1.5 9 Fortified wine (sherry, martini, port) 15-20% 0.8 2-3 14 Spirits (whisky, vodka, gin) 40% 1 - 30

How much am I drinking?

Most people under-estimate the amount they drink. One way to check on this is to keep a diary of how much you drink over the course of a week. This can give you a clearer idea of whether you are drinking too much. It can also help to highlight any risky situations - regular times, places and people when you seem to drink more. You may scoff and think this doesn't apply to you, fair enough, but if it does, don't be afraid to keep track of the situations that contribute to you getting beaten up or arrested.

Diary Table DAY HOW MUCH? WHEN? WHERE? WHO WITH? UNITS TOTAL Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Total for week

Warning signs

You regularly use alcohol as a way of coping with feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety or depression. You regularly use alcohol to feel confident. You get hangovers regularly. Your drinking affects your relationships with other people. Your drinking makes you feel disgusted, angry or suicidal.

Other people tell you that when you drink you become gloomy, embittered or aggressive. You need to drink more and more to feel good. You stop doing other things to spend more time drinking. You start to feel shaky and anxious the morning after drinking the night before. You drink to stop these feelings. You start drinking earlier in the day. Basically, if it gets in the way cut it down or cut it out.

What if I am drinking too much?

Set yourself a target to reduce the amount of alcohol you drink. Avoid any high-risk drinking situations (check out your diary). Work out other things you can do instead of drinking. Involve your partner or a friend. They can help to agree a goal and keep track of your progress.

Many people are able to cut down their drinking after discussing it with their GP. Some people can stop suddenly without any problems. Others may have withdrawal symptoms - craving, shakiness and restlessness. If this happens, your GP can help.

Depression and stopping drinking

There is evidence that, although many heavy drinkers feel depressed when they are drinking, most will feel better within a few weeks of stopping. So, it is usually best to tackle the alcohol first, and then consider dealing with the depression if it has not lifted after a few weeks.

If you're in this situation, you've got a problem. It will be difficult for you to keep your head out of your arse long enough to plot a rational course through your depression, get help, help really is everywhere, check out your campus counselling services, contact your GP, you can even subject yourself to the HeadRKT Crews view, but really, you should contact a human who you can actually look in the eye.

After a few alcohol-free weeks, you will probably feel fitter and less depressed. Friends and family may find you easier to get on with. If your feelings of depression lift, this strongly suggests that they were caused by the drinking. This also suggests that you have an alcohol problem and are at risk of relapse, get support, and get it now!

Treatment for both alcohol problems and depression can be very successful. It helps to regularly see someone you can trust, either your own doctor, counsellor or a specialist psychiatrist. Changing our habits and lifestyle is always a challenge and takes time to achieve and a lot of us know how easy it was to get into drinking as a way to integrate into the college experience.

Dos and Don'ts of Drinking safely

• Do pace yourself - don't gulp it down
• Don't drink on an empty stomach, it just gets too messy too quickly
• Don't drink every day, have two or three alcohol-free days in the week
• Do keep to the target (amount of alcohol per week) you have set yourself
• Do pre- hydrate. It's not just for athletes, it can save you a lot of misery the morning after
• Do respect yourself, no one likes a wanker.

Also on HeadRKT

We all feel fed up, miserable or sad at times. These feelings don't usually last longer than a week or two, and they don't interfere too much with our lives.

Sometimes there's a reason, sometimes they just come out of the blue. We usually cope with them ourselves. We may have a chat with a friend but don't otherwise need any help. Someone is said to be significantly depressed, or suffering from depression, when:

• the feelings of depression don't go away quickly and
• those feelings are so bad that they interfere with everyday life.

What does it feel like to be depressed?

The feeling of depression is much more powerful and unpleasant than the short episodes of unhappiness that we all experience from time to time. It goes on for much longer. It can last for months rather than days or weeks. Most people with depression will not have all the symptoms listed here, but most will have at least five or six.

Do you:

• feel unhappy most of the time (but may feel a little better in the evenings)
• lose interest in life and can't enjoy anything
• find it harder to make decisions
• can't cope with things that you used to
• feel utterly tired
• feel restless and agitated
• lose appetite and weight (some people find they do the reverse and put on weight)
• take 1-2 hours to get off to sleep, and then wake up earlier than usual
• lose interest in sex
• lose your self-confidence
• feel useless, inadequate and hopeless
• avoid other people
• feel irritable
• feel worse at a particular time each day, usually in the morning
• think of suicide.

We may not realise how depressed we are, because it has come on so gradually. We may be determined to struggle on and can blame ourselves for being lazy or feeble.

We may try to cope with our feelings of depression by being very busy. This can make us even more stressed and exhausted. We will often notice physical pains, constant headaches or sleeplessness.

Sometimes these physical symptoms can be the first sign of a depression.

Why does it happen?

As in the everyday depression that we all experience from time to time, there will sometimes be an obvious reason for becoming depressed, sometimes not. There is usually more than one reason, and these are different for everybody.

The reason may seem obvious. It can be a disappointment, frustration, losing something or someone important. Sometimes it isn't clear why we feel depressed. We're just 'in a mood'. We really don't know why. Either way, these feelings can become so difficult to manage that we need help.

Things that happen in our lives

It is normal to feel depressed after a distressing event, such as bereavement, a divorce or losing a job. We may spend time over the next few weeks or months thinking and talking about it. After a while we seem to come to terms with what's happened. But some of us get stuck in a depressed mood, which doesn't seem to lift.

Circumstances

If we are alone, have no friends around, are stressed, have other worries or are physically run down, we are more likely to become depressed. If you're a first year, you may not yet know how to feed yourself properly, you're probably fairly isolated and working really hard to meet people, neglecting basic issues such as hygiene and study. If you're like everybody else in the world, you'll find this stressful. It's hard for everybody to be away from home and friends, and this can get you down.

Alcohol

Many people who drink too much alcohol become depressed. It often isn't clear as to which came first the drinking or the depression. We know that people who drink too much are more likely to kill themselves than other people. And no one here in the headRKT? crew can think of anybody who doesn't get the blues after a tough night out on the beer, wine, gin etc.

Gender

Women seem to get depressed more than men do. This is possibly because of all the shitty things men do on women. Then again it could be because women are generally more expressive than men. This is obviously a stereo typed view, and I think it's a load of crap. Depressing circumstances are attributes of the person/environment interaction, to which we all have access at one time or another. It's a draw between boys and girls on this one.

What about manic depression?

About 1 in 10 people who suffer from serious depression will also have periods when they are elated and overactive. This used to be called Manic Depression, but is now often called Bipolar Affective Disorder. However, if you have it, you can call it whatever you like. It affects the same number of men and women and tends to run in families.

When should I seek help?

• When your feelings of depression are worse than usual, and don't seem to get any better
• When your feelings of depression affect your work, interests and feelings towards your family and friends.
• If you find yourself feeling that life is not worth living, or that other people would be better off without you.

It may be enough to talk things over with a relative or friend, who may be able to help you through a bad patch in your life. If this doesn't seem to help, you probably need to talk it over with your doctor or student counselling service. You may find that your friends and family notice a difference in you and are worried about you.

Helping yourself

Don't keep it to yourself
If you've had some bad news, or a major upset, try to tell someone close to you, and tell them how you feel. It often helps to go over the painful experience several times, to cry about it, and to talk things over with someone. This is part of the mind's natural way of healing.

Do something
Get out of doors for some exercise, even if only for a walk. This will help you to keep physically fit, and you may sleep better. You may not feel able to work, but it is always good to try to keep active. This could be housework (yes, cleaning), do-it-yourself (even as little as changing a light bulb, but do not renovate your landlords house) or any part of your normal routine (Study?). It can help take your mind off painful thoughts which make you more depressed.

Eat well
Try to eat a good, balanced diet, even though you may not feel like eating. Fresh fruit and vegetables are particularly good. Depression can make you lose weight and run short of vitamins, which only makes matters worse, particularly if you're an emaciated student. Next time, don't ask your folks for money, say you need vitamins; you'll probably get the money too!

Beware alcohol!
Resist the temptation to drown your sorrows with a drink. Alcohol actually makes depression worse. It may make you feel better for a few hours, but will then make you feel worse again. Too much alcohol stops you from seeking the right help and from solving problems; it is also bad for your physical health.

Sleep
Try not to worry about finding it difficult to sleep. Ignore the radio clock, or mobile phone clock. If you're worrying about what time it is, you'll feel more anxious and find it harder to sleep. If you keep busy and active during the day, you'll sleep better at night. Go to the library and do some of those assignments, join a club, soccer, camogie, chess! It can be helpful to listen to the radio or watch TV while you're lying down and resting your body, even if you can't sleep. If you can occupy your mind in this way, you may feel less anxious and find it easier to get off to sleep

Tackle the cause
If you think you know what is behind your depression, it can help to write down the problem and then think of the things you could do to tackle it. Pick the best things to do and try them.

• you are suffering from an experience which many other people have gone through.
• you will eventually come out of it, although you may find it hard to believe at the time.
• depression can be a useful experience you may come out of it stronger and better able to cope. It can help you to see situations and relationships more clearly.
• you may be able to make important decisions and changes in your life, which you were avoiding before.

What kind of help is available

Many people with depression are treated by their family doctor. Depending on your symptoms, the severity of the depression and the circumstances, the doctor may suggest some form of talking treatment, antidepressant tablets, or both.

Psychotherapy/counselling.

Simply talking about your feelings can be helpful, however depressed you are. Your GP may have a counsellor at the surgery who you can talk to.

If you have become depressed while suffering from a disability or caring for a relative, then sharing experiences with others in a self-help group may give you the support you need.

If you are not able to get over the death of someone close to you, it is particularly helpful to talk about it with someone.

Sometimes it is hard to express your real feelings even to close friends. Talking things through with a trained counsellor or therapist can be easier. It can be a relief to get things off your chest. If you can have another person's undivided attention for a while, you are likely to feel better about yourself. There are many different sorts of psychotherapy available, some of which are very effective for people with mild to moderate depression.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy helps people overcome the negative thoughts that can sometimes be the cause of depression. Interpersonal and dynamic therapies can be helpful if you find it difficult to get on with other people.

Talking treatments do take time to work. Sessions usually last about an hour and you might need anywhere from 5 to 30 sessions. Some therapists will see you weekly, others every 2 to 3 weeks. You may be asking yourself how you're supposed to fit this in with the rest of your life, how you can afford it. If you feel you need help, get in touch with your student counselling service, or if that sounds too hard, get in touch with headRKT@grabaGAFF.com, and we'll help you source your student counsellor. We're not going to carry you there, so start preparing yourself to get a handle on your situation.

How do talking treatments work?

It depends on what form of therapy you have. Just sharing your worries with someone else can help you feel less alone with your troubles and feel supported.

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy helps you to look at and change the ideas you have that make you depressed
• Counselling can help you to be clearer about how you feel about your life and other people
• Dynamic therapies help you to see how your past experiences may be affecting your life here and now
• Talking in groups can be helpful in changing how you behave with other people. You get the chance, in a safe and supportive environment, to hear how people see you, and the opportunity to try out different ways of behaving and talking.

Antidepressants

If your depression is severe or goes on for a long time, your doctor may suggest that you take a course of antidepressants. These are not tranquillisers, although they may help you to feel less anxious and agitated. They can help people with depression to feel better and cope more effectively, so that they can start to enjoy life and deal with their problems effectively again.

It is important to remember that, unlike many medicines, you won't feel the effect of antidepressants straight away. People often don't notice any improvement in their mood for 2 or 3 weeks, although some of the other problems may improve more quickly. For instance, people often notice that they are sleeping better and feeling less anxious in the first few days.

How do antidepressants work?

The brain is made up of millions of cells which transmit messages to one another using tiny amounts of chemical substances called neurotransmitters. Upwards of 100 different chemicals are active in different areas of the brain. It is thought that in depression, two of these neurotransmitters are particularly affected Serotonin, sometimes referred to as 5HT, and Noradrenalin.

Antidepressants increase concentrations of these two chemicals at nerve endings, and so seem to boost the function of those parts of the brain that use Serotonin and Noradrenalin.

Problems with antidepressants

Like all medicines, antidepressants do have some side-effects, though these are usually mild and tend to wear off as the treatment goes on. The newer antidepressants may make you feel a bit sick at first and you may feel a little more anxious for a short while. The older antidepressants can cause a dry mouth and constipation. Unless the side-effects are very bad, your doctor is likely to advise you to carry on with the tablets.

As with any group of medicines, different antidepressants have different effects. Your doctor can advise you on what to expect, and will want to know about anything that worries you. Make sure your pharmacist gives you an information leaflet with the tablets. Many people wonder if these tablets will make them drowsy. Generally, tablets which make you sleepy are taken at night, so any drowsiness can then help you to sleep. However, if you feel sleepy during the day, you should not drive, fly or work with machinery till the effect wears off.

You can eat a normal diet while taking most of these tablets (if not, your doctor will tell you) and they don't cause problems with pain-killers, antibiotics or the Pill. You should avoid alcohol, though. It can make you very sleepy if you drink while you are taking the tablets (which is NOT to be interpreted as an answer to sleeplessness!).

People often worry that antidepressants are addictive. You may get withdrawal symptoms if you stop an antidepressant suddenly these can include anxiety, diarrhoea, vivid dreams or even nightmares. This can nearly always be avoided by slowly reducing the dose before stopping. Unlike drugs such as Valium, Cannabis, Nicotine or Alcohol, you don't have to keep taking an increasing amount to get the same effect and you will not find yourself craving an antidepressant.

How can I help someone who is depressed?

Be a good listener. This can be harder than it sounds. Conversation is usually a competition where each person waits for an opening wherein to wedge their two cent. Good listeners always elect to lose. It's usually best not to offer advice unless it's asked for, even if the answer seems perfectly clear to you.

• Make sure that they are buying enough food and eating enough
• Help them to stay away from alcohol
• If they are getting worse, and start to talk of not wanting to live, or even hinting at harming themselves, take them seriously. Make sure that they tell their doctor.

Try to help them to accept the treatment. Don't discourage them from taking medication, or seeing a counsellor or psychotherapist. If you have worries about the treatment, then you may be able to discuss them first with the doctor.

* Remind yourself that.

Also on HeadRKT

Its difficult to come across reliable statistics regarding the number of people in Ireland who smoke cannabis. Apparently half of all 16 to 29 year olds have tried it at least once.

In spite of government warnings about health risks, many people see it as a harmless substance that helps you to relax and chill a drug that, unlike alcohol and cigarettes, might even be good for your physical and mental health. Even if you subscribe to this mode of thought, it is important to note that there is a body of research which has suggested that it can be a major cause of psychotic illnesses in those who are genetically vulnerable.

What is cannabis?

Cannabis sativa and cannabis indica are members of the nettle family that have grown wild throughout the world for centuries. Both plants have been used for a variety of purposes including hemp to make rope and textiles, as a medical herb and as the popular recreational drug.

The plant is used as:

• The resin - a brown/black lump, known as bhang, ganja, hashish, resin etc;
• The dried leaves - known as grass, marijuana, spliff, weed etc.

Skunk is one of the stronger types of cannabis which is grown especially for its higher concentration of psychoactive ingredients. It is named after the pungent smell it gives off during growing. It can be grown either under grow lights or in a greenhouse, often using hydroponic (growing in nutrient rich liquids rather than soil) techniques. There are hundreds of other varieties of cannabis.

Street cannabis can come in a wide variety of strengths, and because its not regulated it is not possible to judge exactly what is being used in any one particular session.

How is it used?

Most commonly, the resin or the dried leaves are mixed with tobacco and smoked as a spliff or joint. The smoke is inhaled strongly and held in the lungs for a number of seconds. It can also be smoked in a pipe, a water pipe, or collected in a container before inhaling it. It can be brewed as tea or cooked in cakes, and according to one high profile pensioner in the UK, can really lend something to a stew!

More than half of its psychologically active chemical ingredient are absorbed into the blood when smoked. These compounds tend to build up in fatty tissues throughout the body, so it takes a long time to be excreted in the urine. This is why cannabis can be detected in urine up to 56 days after it has last been used.

What is its legal status of cannabis?

Its illegal. If you get caught, the arresting Garda will bring you to court and prosecute you. Its difficult to predict what the outcome of this will be as it generally depends on the disposition of the judge. You could get off with a fine, or find yourself on a lengthy probation bond with a lot of sticky conditions such as attendance at an addiction counsellor and frequent Urinalysis (Piss Test).

What tends to catch a lot of people out is that it doesnt matter what you paid for it, if a Garda places a high value on it, or reckons theres enough there to nail you for sale and supply, youre up shit creek and such.

How does it work and what is the chemical make-up of cannabis?

There are about 60 compounds and 400 chemicals in an average cannabis plant. Were not going to name them all, but the four main compounds are called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC), cannabidiol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol.

Apart from cannabidiol (CBD), these compounds are psychoactive, the strongest one being delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The stronger varieties of the plant contain little cannabidiol (CBD) because this has no psychoactive effect, whilst the delta-9-THC content is a lot higher.

Smoking cannabis allows its compounds to rapidly enter the bloodstream where they are transported directly to the brain and other parts of the body. The feeling of being stoned is caused mainly by the delta-9-THC binding to cannabinoid receptors in the brain. A receptor is a site on brain cell where certain substances can stick or bind for a while. If this happens, it has an effect on the cell and the nerve impulses it produces.

Most of these receptors are found in the parts of the brain that influence pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time perception. Cannabis compounds can also affect the eyes, the ears, the skin and the stomach.

What are its effects?

Pleasant

• A high - a sense of relaxation, happiness, sleepiness, colours appear more intense, music sounds better.

Unpleasant

• Around 1 in 10 cannabis users have unpleasant experiences, including confusion, hallucinations, anxiety and paranoia. The same person may have either pleasant or unpleasant effects depending on their mood and circumstances. These feelings are usually only temporary. However, as the drug can stay in the system for some weeks, the effect can be more long-lasting than users realise. Long-term use can have a depressant effect, reducing motivation, which may be why you haven't seen your filthy hippy house mate in a while, maybe you should check and see if they still possess the will to draw breath!

Education and learning

Cannabis also interferes with a person's capacity to concentrate, organise information and use information. This effect seems to last several weeks after use, which can cause particular problems for students.

However, a large study in New Zealand followed up 1265 children for 25 years. It found that while cannabis use in adolescence was linked to poor school performance, there was no direct connection between the two. It looked as though it was simply because cannabis use encouraged a way of life that didn't help with schoolwork.

Work

It seems to have a similar effect on people at work. There is no evidence that cannabis causes specific health hazards. But users are more likely to leave work without permission, spend work time on personal matters or simply daydream. Cannabis users themselves report that drug use has interfered with their work and social life.

A review of the research on the effect of cannabis on pilots revealed that those who had used cannabis made far more mistakes, both major and minor, than when they had not smoked cannabis. No pilots were injured in the undertaking of this research. The most measurable effects were in the first four hours, although these persisted for at least 24 hours, even when the pilot had no sense at all of being stoned. The review concluded: Most of us, with this evidence, would not want to fly with a pilot who had smoked cannabis within the last day or so, - no shit!

What about driving?

A recent study in France looked at over 10,000 drivers who were involved in fatal car crashes. Even when the influence of alcohol was taken into account, cannabis users were more than twice as likely to be the cause of a fatal crash than to be one of the victims. Its worth pointing out that we don't have numbers here, so feel free to go on the whole statistics are bullshit rant, but if you can acknowledge that its hard to drive well when drunk, you might as well face up to the fact that its pretty hard to drive stoned as well.

Mental health problems

This is a contentious issue. There is growing evidence that people with serious mental illness, including depression and psychosis, are more likely to use cannabis or have used it for long periods of time in the past. Regular use of the drug has appeared to double the risk of developing a psychotic episode or long-term schizophrenia. However, does cannabis cause depression and schizophrenia or do people with these disorders use it as a medication?

Over the past few years, research has strongly suggested that there is a clear link between early cannabis use and later mental health problems in those with a genetic vulnerability - and that there is a particular issue with the use of cannabis by adolescents. Adolescents are children, mixing chemicals in with developing brains and organs could be construed as being simply criminal, and monumentally stupid.

Depression

A study following 1,600 Australian school-children, aged 14 to 15 for seven years, found that adolescents who used cannabis daily were five times more likely to develop depression and anxiety in later life.

Schizophrenia

Three major studies followed large numbers of people over several years, and showed that those people who use cannabis have a higher than average risk of developing schizophrenia. If you start smoking it before the age of 15, you are 4 times more likely to develop a psychotic disorder by the time you are 26. They found no evidence of self-medication. It seemed that, the more cannabis someone used, the more likely they were to develop symptoms.

Why should teenagers be particularly vulnerable to the use of cannabis? -brain development. The brain is still developing in the teenage years up to the age of around 20. A massive process of neural pruning is going on. This is rather like streamlining a tangled jumble of circuits so they can work more effectively. Any experience, or substance, that affects this process has the potential to produce long-term psychological effects.

Recent research in Europe, and in the UK, has suggested that people who have a family background of mental illness so probably have a genetic vulnerability anyway - are more likely to develop schizophrenia if they use cannabis as well.

Is there such a thing as cannabis psychosis?

Recent research in Denmark suggests that yes, there is. It is a short-lived psychotic disorder that seems to be brought on by cannabis use but which subsides fairly quickly once the individual has stopped using it. It's quite unusual though - in the whole of Denmark they found only around 100 new cases per year.

However, they also found that three quarters had a different psychotic disorder diagnosed within the next year and nearly half still had a psychotic disorder three years later. The continuing trend of alien abduction may be more worrying to you, given the numbers...

Is cannabis addictive?

It has some of the features of addictive drugs such as having to take more and more to get the same effect, withdrawal symptoms which have been shown in heavy users and include: craving, decreased appetite, sleep difficulty, weight loss, aggression anger, irritability, restlessness, and strange dreams. These symptoms of withdrawal produce about the same amount of discomfort as withdrawing from tobacco, which is apparently pretty hard.

What about skunk and other stronger varieties?

Traditional herbal cannabis contains between 1 and 15 per cent of the main psycho-active ingredient, THC. Some of the newer strains, including skunk, contain up to 20 per cent, so can be 3 times as strong as traditional cannabis, or maybe just 5% stronger which doesn't really justify the price differential. Stronger strains work more quickly, and can produce hallucinations with profound relaxation and elation along with nervousness, anxiety attacks, projectile vomiting and a strong desire to eat. The munchies are a natural physiological reaction to your blood sugar levels plummeting. This can have significant implications for diabetics.

Problems with cannabis use

Many perhaps most people who use cannabis do enjoy it. But it can become a problem for some people. A US organisation, marijuana-anonymous.org, defines the problems of cannabis as follows:

...if cannabis controls our lives and our thinking, and if our desires centre around marijuana - scoring it, dealing it, and finding ways to stay high so that we lose interest in all else.

The website carries the following questionnaire which could equally well apply to alcohol use.

If you answer Yes to any of the questions, you may have a problem. As we said in our alcohol section, feel free to laugh at this, but if you're in your room, drooling over porn on your lap top, if you've hit on this site by accident and you've no friends aside from your dealer, or if you think smoking cannabis is going to cost you your degree, why not give it a look? (That wasn't one of the questions)

1. Has smoking pot stopped being fun?
2. Do you ever get high alone?
3. Is it hard for you to imagine a life without marijuana?
4. Do you find that your friends are determined by your marijuana use?
5. Do you smoke marijuana to avoid dealing with your problems?
6. Do you smoke pot to cope with your feelings?
7. Does your marijuana use let you live in a privately defined world?
8. Have you ever failed to keep promises you made about cutting down or controlling your dope smoking?
9. Has marijuana caused problems with memory, concentration, or motivation?
10. When your stash is nearly empty, do you feel anxious or worried about how to get more?
11. Do you plan your life around your marijuana use?
12. Have friends or relatives ever complained that your pot smoking is damaging your relationship with them?

If you decide to give up cannabis, it may be no more difficult than giving up cigarettes. On the other hand it could be incredibly difficult, seek out support through your student counselling services, or contact us here at headRKT@grabaGAFF.com, and we'll help you to locate services in your area.

Here we get serious...

Third level education is in itself a very important part of a persons life, it is also a very daunting and scary aspect, signifying many things, such as that life is moving on, we are no longer "children" but adults who must decide whether we attend our lectures, complete our projects and generally conform to what is expected from the Third level staff.

However, education is just a part of life in a third level institute, there are numerious facets that are equally important which may get overlooked until it is too late.

Well soon, and what's Christmas all about? Thats right presents!

Well that and the birth of Santa...

Our job is to provide you with information on how to find that elusive, evasive, wily, un-gettable, unobtainable, unreachable or elusive present. So basically, you mail or text us with some basic details, such as your name, where you are located, and whatpresent you want, whatever it is, the wierder the better, and we will find it as cheap and as close to where you are located as possible. Once we have found the pressie, we'll stick up all the details on this page and Bobs your Squarepants.

Contact Details:

Text: Well SantaBoy, with your details and particular present desire to 087 7914927
E Mail: wellsantaboy@grabagaff.com, with your details and particular present desire

Name: Lee Giles,28, London, Sales Manager

A bog brush that sings who let the dogs out every time you have a crap

Well, we couldn't find a singing toilet brush, but what we did find wasTalking Toilet Papaer, is this years hottest gag gift! It can also come in very handy to remind the kids to wash their hands after going to the bathroom or reminding adults to put the seat down. Hilarious way to surprise your friends Easy to record and re-record your own messages Fits all toilet paper roll holders Installs in seconds... years of fun! Convenient on/off switch It's like having bathroom voicemail!

Price: $19.95 from http://www.asontv.com/products/1039060745.html

Or we could simply make one using the following ingredients:

Chrome-Plated Toilet Brush/Toilet Roll Holder
21.00 (W)33, (D)18, (H)80cms. From Argos: Croydon Purley Way - 326
Unit 3, Drury Crescent, off Purley Way

Cd stereo radio cassette, 17.49
Dixons, 222 Purley Way Croydon CR0 4XG

HMV: Baha Boys Who let the dogs out. 8.99
Address: 137 North End Croydon, Croydon, CR0 1TN
Telephone: 020 8686 5557

WHS Parcel Tape: Packing tape
Price: 1.99. WH Smith 34 North End, Croydon

And what you can do is, take the Toilet brush, using lots of tape, tape the stereo to it. With the Baha Boys tape in it use the play button to listen to "Who let the dogs out" and then rewind after flushing.

Total Cost = 49.47

A Christmas Tail

"Twas the night before Christmas,
And all through the Gaff,
The Grabagaff lads were twisted
'having a laugh

Dez on the couch,
Having a beer,
Kevs on the net
Looking for, eh Friends

When out on the lawn,
They heard such a clatter,
They fell to the window,
To see whats the matter,

And out in the garden,
They saw a red man,
But first to the fridge,
For just one more can,

Dez fell to the door,
With paint and all peeling,
But what about Kev,
Who fell to the ceiling

They decided to search,
For this big red man,
But stumbled too far,
To Azerbijan,

The Towelheads looked mad,
Said Are you insane?,
Thats not Santa Claus,
But Saddam Heuseun!

Then a gun in the face,
Produced by a minder,
Had to be sorted,
With ten pints of Cider

The drink began flowing,
And with our GrabaGAFF charms,
For just 6 cans of dutch,
We bought nuclear arms,

Now the whole worlds at ransom,
Just what does that mean?
That Dez is King,
And Kev is your,eh.........
other King!"

Happy Christmas from the Grabagaff Crew

Where creative == drunk && drunk == happy ...

A selection of some of ouralso-rangrabaGAFF.com banner ads...

(no designers were hurt in the creation of these graphics)

What happens when you combine the 5 greatest minds of alcohol research?

Not much. However, add 35 of the cheapest and unconquered alcohol beverages in batches of five, a website with nothing better to do and things start to take shape. A very strange odd smelling shape with damp patches and dizzy spells...

Introducing the minds:

Dr Ro: 25, Virgo,

Likes: Walks in the park, plastering services and is looking for a soul mate, preferably human and living.

Dislikes: Walks, Parks, Bruce Willis's acting in the last Die Hard

Prof Kev: 25, Taurus,

Likes: The cider, bland boring comments, brown paper bags. And all that jazz.

Dislikes: Interesting witty comments, student accommodation websites.

Dr Dez: 26, Leo,

Likes: Drunkness, The floor, Discovery Channel, helicopters, planes with jump jet systems, nerdness

Dislikes: Sobriety, Sports, his bed, people taller then him

Dr Gorey Phd:

Likes: The last can, the last can before going to bed, the last can before going to bed when we're up watching a film and then there's no cans left. Wrestling games. His alloys

Dislikes: Finishing the last can, Going to the Offie, Shaving. The word Tuborg

Prof Fonz:

Likes: Phil, Fulham, sleeping with his eyes open, having chlidren. Beating panels.

Dislikes: Stuff, I don't know, make something up, something funny.

And now the juice of justice, the seven drinks tested are:

• Tauras: 1.29. Aldi,
• Lager: .88. Dunnes Stores,
• Grafenwalder: 1.99. Lidl,
• Premium: 1.05. Aldi,
• Kulm Bacher: 1.15. Dunnes Stores,
• Stienhauser: 1.17. Lidl,
• Bergedler: 99. Aldi.

And now to work!

Tauras: 1.29. Aldi

Ro: It's no, blah blah, and all crap cider tastes the same. 2/5

Kev: Strong taste, big kick. Feels weird in stomach. 2.5/5

Dez: Horrible, but hey what you gonna do? 3/5

Gorey: A bit sweet but easy to drink. 4/5

Fonz: Dry, very dry. 3/5

Average rating: 2.9/5

Lager: .88. Dunnes Stores

Ro: Tastes likes rust. 1/5

Kev: Weird 1^st taste, kind of bland. Overall not too bad. 3/5

Dez: Glorious 4/5 (Wink Wink!) 2/5

Gorey: Not good. 1/5

Fonz: Rotten. 0/5

Average rating: 1.4/5

Grafenwalder: 1.99. Lidl

Ro: Rotten but it's 8.6%, you do the math. 2/5

Kev: Tastes like banana, thick but headbanging. 2/5

Dez: Hrrmmm, warm cat pee, No, heavy hitting but best served cold. 3/5

Gorey: Alcoholic soup, but gets you drunk quick. 2/5

Fonz: Strong stuff. 2/5

Average rating: 2.2/5

Premium: 1.05. Aldi

Ro: Place in a saucepan, add milk, bring to the boil, serves 4. 4.5/5

Kev: A bit forgettable, not bad though. 3/5

Dez: Tastes a bit bark, screw Flanders. 4/5

Gorey: Horrible. 1/5

Fonz: Good stuff. 4/5

Average rating: 3.3/5

Kulm Bacher: 1.15. Dunnes Stores

Ro: Does the job. 4/5

Kev: Not bad, good stuff. 4/5

Dez: F.1, Good, better then being sober. 4/5

Gorey: Not bad, very gassy. 2/5

Fonz: Even better stuff. 5/5

Average rating: 3.8/5

Stienhauser: 1.17. Lidl

Ro: A bit of an aftertaste, but you're a student. 3/5

Kev: Bad 1^st impression, overall not bad. 3/5

Dez: Nice. Wait, look, no legs. 3/5

Gorey: Not bad, a bit bland. 4.5/5

Fonz: Right yeah. 2/5

Average rating: 3.1/5

Bergedler: 99. Aldi

Ro: Like an ugly bird with a lovely body and nice jugs. 4/5

Kev: Nice. 4/5

Dez: Everything goes with Salad cream. 4/5

Gorey: Very good, a nice aftertaste. 4.5/5

Fonz: Better stuff. 4/5

Average rating: 4.1/5

Conclusion:

Overall the Bergedler got the highest mark, although this may have something to do with the fact that it and stienhauser were the only two to come in bottle form, the lager received the lowest mark but again, this is the cheapest beer we have found at .88 cent, and it tastes ok. The Taurus being the only cider meant that pallets were not used to such appley goodness. The Grafenwalder being the most expensive and arguably the heaviest tasting is a hefty 8.6%, and therefore has a certain charm all of it's own. The remaining beers received mixed reviews but are all certainly worth a taste test.

GrabaGAFF.com advises not to mix all in one night. That said, the price for all drinks averages to €7.89 per person, not too shabby at all! And remember if you are going to drink, drink sensibly, cheaply, with gusto, and if possible, from a welly.

Stephen Shortt, not sure if he likes to be called Steve sent these into us, he's a good guy that went to IT Carlow.

His hobbies are:

His Starsign is:

His Date of Birth is:

Well actually we don't know too much about him, he's got a nice house and a nice car and his girlfriend is from Spain. So now.

Here are some of the pics he did for us!

All images copyright of Stephen Shortt (2004)

Ahhh, Graduates, you've worked hard all these years, well at least someone worked hard and you got their notes. You drank the worlds supply of Red bull and Coffee, you stayed up all night with your class mates and stole every idea of what may be coming up in the exams, and when it was all over you hit the pub, and most probably the floor after an hour with exaustion.

You sat through the Deans tirelessly boring and mundane speech about him or herself, the college, the town it's in, but very little about the reason why your friends and family are sweating up their Sunday best, two rows from the back due to little parking available and even less organisation, the reason being you. So you've had the picture with the fake scroll thingy and the cape, with it's stripes or hood, and now what?

Thats right, a job, time to get a job, (Unless your us and hide behind the fact that your useful site is the perfect way to induce super peter pan syndrome, but we'll leave that for another day)

And here is your easy one stop shop for jobs, be they summer jobs or companies advertising for permanent positions.
They place the ads here, you take the job, we take down the ad and put up new ones, it's easy really,
easy like playing as Chelsea in championship manager .

Yup! We're still building this baby! So from time to things might break from time to time. If it does let the webmaster know.

We examine the more unusual alternatives to conventional accommodation (W.E.T.M.U.A.T.C.A.)

Houses! A big hallow square matted to a black pyramid! They come in all shapes and sizes, have many names, and are currently the 'in-thing' when it comes to habitation, but houses usually lack that individuality advertising tells us we all should have (because we're worth it). This form of accommodation tends to be expensive, require constant maintenance and will rarely allow you to stand out in the crowd. So we have caste off our traditionalist demeanor, shunned the established institutions and gone hunting for a different kind of home.

Caravans

Made famous by the 'Cops' television show, caravans offer of flexibility of address the lowly house can rarely match. These mobile mansions canrival more customary dwellings in features, often sporting showers, satellite television, microwaves, French maids and toilets - but add a number of their own tricks. Sick of those amorous neighbors screaming all night? No problem - Strap a 4x4 to these babies and soon those noisy gits will be mere specks of the horizon! Garden a mess? Feck it - move and get a new one! The abode of choice for those of a bohemian or itinerant nature.

grabagaff rating: 4

Igloo

Popular 'way-up-north' (like whale hunting and poking little baby seals with sticks), Igloos offer an indigenous, circular habitat to escape the elements and vicious animals (like penguins!). Constructed of abundant, eco-friendly and naturally occurring 'ICE', they provide a surprisingly warm and sheltered environment. (note: We recommend at least one gas powered heater be used to generate heat. *snigger*)

grabagaff rating: 3

Bridges

Usually passed over in gaff related conversations, the bridge servesmore thantheir river spanning causeway role to many a gaff-less punter. These structures offer valued protection against most of the elements pitted against us on this blue and green spinning muck-ball we call home. But bridges do suffer a number of failings. Draughts,intense hobo competition and a less than homly urine smell plague this form of habitate and may ultimately decreaseyour gaffsatisfaction.

grabagaff rating: 2

Cardboard Boxes

The subject of a forthcoming grabagaff article in itself, cardboard boxes can be thought of as smaller, comfortless, wheel-less caravans. But we love them!

grabagaff rating: too be rated

Park Bench / Newspaper combo

Are you hardcore? Are you tired of those wussies and their namby pamby shelters? Is the sky your roof and the sun and moon mere light-blubs? What the hell is a roof anyway? Then thepark bench / newspaper combo could be right up your street. Offering just enough comfort to recuperate after those long days of pitched knifey spooney battles whilst extending ones middle finger at all those captured by that heinous of words: 'address'.

grabagaff rating: (hardcore: 5) (wussie: 1)

FYI: Information on homelessness in Ireland can be found at http://www.focusireland.ie. Information on gaffs can be found at http://www.grabagaff.com ... but you knew that already.

Dez Iddon is a regular contributor to the grabagaff cause. When not slaving over a hot stove he enjoys walks in the park, reading the back of corn flakes boxes and poking little baby seals with sticks.

Articles on love, life and lager by the grabaGAFF team and selected contributors (not you!)

The Galway Mayo Institute of Technology is based at five locations in the west of Ireland.

At the largest campus situated in Galway, looks out on the Atlantic Ocean and is reminded of Francis Bacons observation: They are ill discoverers that think there is no land when they can see nothing but sea. As a centre of higher education, we are engaged, above all else in discovery.

Students developing potential are at the core of our organisation. GMIT offers undergraduate, apprentice and post-graduate courses across a range of disciplines. In the Institute of Technology sector in Ireland there is a unique blending of courses in science, business, engineering, technology and humanities and it is possible to progress through higher certificate, degree and masters level awards on to Ph.D. The award system is aligned with the European Credit Transfer System and this enables students to transfer with ease to study abroad. International students coming to GMIT also avail of this credit transfer arrangement. There are links with almost 100 centres of higher education throughout Europe and the U.S.

GMIT is also involved in a range of research activities and many post-graduate students are working directly with research teams involved in high-level collaborations with other centres of higher education and with the research and innovation centres of major industry. The Institute also provide a range of consultancy service to businesses in the region. We work in partnership with a range of business and community organisations to provide higher education throughout the region and to promote the economic, social and cultural development of the west of Ireland.

The multi-campus structure allows the offering of specialist areas of study: at Castlebar in Outdoor Education & Health Science; at Letterfrack in Furniture Design and Manufacture; at Mountbellew in Agriculture and at Cluain Mhuire in Galway city in Film Television and Art & Design.

From a 1970s Regional Technical College to a modern-day Institute of Technology, GMIT has grown to become a centre of education competing on a national and international stage.

The days of the student as a young, fresh-faced school-leaver are over. Students now come in all guises and education is no longer time- or location-dependent. The changes all point to a new emphasis on review and evaluation. Higher education institutes are being increasingly challenged to explain what they are doing, how they are doing it and how well it is being done.

GMITs own personal story began on Monday, 18th September 1972 when the first students entered the new Regional Technical College building on Dublin Road, Galway. Enrollment on that autumn day stood at 1,213 students; registration has doubled and tripled to reach almost 9,000 students today.

The Regional Technical College at Galway, together with its sister colleges in other regions of the country, helped the transition from elitist to mass higher education and opened up access to those who had hitherto been disadvantaged because of their remoteness from centres of higher education, explained Mayos Dr Gay Corr, who was the colleges first principal and director.

The establishment and growth of these colleges captured the imagination and won the confidence of the public, he wrote for the celebration of RTC Galways 21st anniversary year in September 1993. More than 50 percent of all entrants to higher education in Ireland now proceed through this sector.

Under the Regional Technical Colleges Act 1992, the college gained higher education autonomy and took on the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology title, as well as new non-teaching activities like research and consultancy.

GMIT now has five specialised schools of study in the disciplines of Science, Engineering, Hotel and Catering Studies, Humanities and Business Studies. Courses are offered on the campuses of Castlebar, Cluain Mhuire, Letterfrack, Mountbellew and old Dublin Road, Galway.

Some notable Achievements

• The first RTC to receive degree recognition for a course
• The first RTC to inaugurate a joint degree with a university
• Pioneering of European Union student exchange
• Formal links with external bodies like Mountbellew Agricultural College and Connemara West in Letterfrack.
  

http://www.gmit.ie/
Castlebar Campus
Ph: 00353 (0) 94 9025700

Cluin Mhuire Campus
Ph: 00353 (0) 95 41660

Galway Campus
Dublin Rd
Galway
00353 (0) 91 753161

County Kildare takes its name from St. Brigids monastery beneath an oak tree; Cill Dara, the church of the oak tree.

This 6th century saint is one of the three patrons of Ireland. Little factual evidence is known about the saint but it is traditionally believed that she founded a monastery at Kildare which was unique in that it was a mixed community of nuns and monks. It was there that she died in 525 AD. The eternal fire, which was tended by the nuns there, was extinguished at the time of the Reformation.

The stories about Brigid have been linked to a pagan sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Brigda on the same site, beneath the oak trees. Many miracles are attributed to Brigid, one of which explains her links with the Curragh plains. In reward for curing the local king of an ailment he offered her whatever she wished for. Her request was that he give her as much ground as her cloak would cover to graze her flock of sheep on the plain. He agreed, and when she spread her cloak it marvelously spread out to cover the entire plain.

St. Brigids Cross, woven from rushes, is said to have been first plaited by the saint when she was explaining the mysteries of the Christian gospel to a dying pagan. The cross is still being made, and it is placed over the door to protect people from illness or bad luck. It was also the symbol chosen by the National Broadcasting Station, RTE.

Even allowing for the exaggerated stories told of St. Brigid by her numerous biographers, it is certain that she ranks as one of the most remarkable Irish women of the fifth century and as the patroness of Ireland. She is lovingly called the "Queen of the South: the Mary of the Gael" by a writer in the "Leabhar Breac". St. Brigid died leaving a cathedral city and school that became famous all over Europe.

Today, her feast day, February 1st, marks a popular festival in Kildare town, Feile Brde. Many pilgrims and visitors visit the site of St. Brigid's well on that day and throughout the year.

Geography & Environment

As an inland county, Kildare's landscape shares many of its features with its neighbours, but it has the advantage of the Wicklow mountain range to the east, with the foothills spreading westwards to meet the Curragh of Kildare. It extends into the undulating central lowlands, beneath which the layers of carboniferous limestone, sand and gravel provide good drainage. The great raised Bog of Allen on the western side of the county, with its covering of black peat and mantle of heather and gorse, is a dramatic contrast to the well-tilled fields of south Kildare, or to the bright green paddocks and the wooded estates of the livestock and stud farms scattered throughout the county.

Three great rivers water the county, the Liffey which flows northwards from the Wicklow mountains to enter the sea at Dublin, the Barrow which forms the border of the county with Laois, and the legendary Boyne, the fount of which is beneath the historic hill of Carbury. Both the Grand and Royal canals traverse the county, the Royal along the northern boundaries, and the Grand which crosses the county from Lyons on the east to Rathangan and Monasterevan on the west, and with a line southwards to join the Barrow navigation at Athy.

The river valleys, canals, bogs and woodlands are habitats of wild fowl, birds and animals, and the nature reserves at Pollardstown Fen and Ballinafagh are especially noted for their varieties of flora and fauna. Walking routes on the towpaths of the tranquil canals open up vistas of unspoilt countryside, while the walks known as The Kildare Way explore not only parts of the canal system, but also the Curragh plain. The open forests of native and imported species at Donadea, Glending, Kilkea and Monasterevan are restful oases for walks and picnicking.

History

Kildare has a long and well-documented history with abundant physical evidence of ancient habitation. The tall granite standing stones at Punchestown, the stone circle at Broadlease, the hill forts at Dun Ailinne, Sillagh and Hughstown, and the many raths and other earthworks of the Curragh are all reminders of early settlers.

There are early Christian sites at Kildare, Taghadoe, Old Kilcullen and Timolin.

At Moone there is one of the most beautiful High Crosses to be found in Ireland.

Castledermot traces its roots to the 9th Century hermitage of St. Diarmada on the banks of the Graney river. It too has the remains of a fine High Cross and a Round Tower.

Mullachreelan Woods, three miles north of Castledermot, marks the birthplace of Saint Laurence O'Toole. Born in 1130 he became abbot of the Celtic monastery at Glendalough and archbishop of Dublin. He died in 1180 at Au in France.

At Ardscull and Rathmore there are fine examples of Anglo-Norman mottes. It was at Ardscull that Edward Bruce defeated Sir Edmund Butler in 1315. The many castles, such as those at Kilkea, Maynooth, Athy and Kilteel, and the ruined religious houses at Kildare, the Franciscan friary at Clane and Celbridge, link the medieval world with the modern.

Maurice Fitzgerald, from an Anglo-Norman family, was recruited by Dermot Mac Murrough in 1168 to assist in the recovery of territory from Roderick O'Connor, the High King of Ireland. As a reward for his assistance, two of Maurices sons were granted lands in Leinster as barons of Naas and Offaly. From Gerald Fitzmaurice, the first Baron of Offaly, descended the Kildare family. His great grandson, John Fitzthomas, was created the first Earl of Kildare in 1316.

The Fitzgeralds held extensive estates and had many castles in the county, the principal one being at Maynooth. By the 15th century they had become the most powerful dynasty in the country. Notable amongst the Earls were those of the 16th century, Gerald, the 8th, known as the Great Earl, Garret Og, the 9th, Thomas, the 10th and Gerald 11th Earl. So powerful had become the 8th Earl that the king said of him "If all Ireland cannot rule this man, let him rule all Ireland." The 9th Earl, suspected of disloyalty, died in the Tower of London in 1534, and his son the 10th Earl, Silken Thomas (so called from the silken fringes on his soldiers helmets), renounced his allegiance to the king and retired to his stronghold at Maynooth.

When it was taken by the army the garrison was given the Maynooth Pardon, that is, they were executed. He was taken to London and hanged at Tyburn., with his five uncles. Gerald, 11th Earl, was known as the Wizard Earl. Smuggled for safety out of Ireland as a minor, he was educated in Rome. When he later recovered his estates he came back to Kilkea and there his interest in alchemy merited for him the title of "The Wizard Earl." His ghost is said to reappear on the Curragh every seven years, and will do so until the silver shoes of his steed are worn out.

In 1766 James, 20th Earl and Marquis of Kildare, was created Duke of Leinster. He was the father of the patriot Lord Edward Fitzgerald. He remodelled Carton house at Maynooth, and it remained the family seat until the 1940s. It is one of the finest examples of an Irish 18th Century house.

County Clare is located on the west Coast of Ireland and is bounded to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and to the East and South by Lough Derg and the Shannon River and Estuary.

It is no wonder that Clare is called the County of Contrasts. In terms of geography and landscape it contains the towering Cliffs of Moher, the sandy beaches of Fanore and the sand-dunes at Doonbeg along its Atlantic edge. Inland is the renowned Burren area with its haunting rock dominated landscape and Lough Derg, Irelands newest waterpark.

Clare has an extremely diverse economy. Agriculture and agriculture-related activities still form an important element of the county's economic base but industrial development is of great importance in the Ennis and Shannon Areas, with the Shannon Free Zone being one of the biggest Regional Industrial Centres in the country. The designation of Ennis as Ireland's Information Age Town is a recognition of the forward looking approach of the town and county and it is hoped that a wide range of benefits will flow from this designation.

Clare has a long and proud history. The archeological remains with which the county is liberally strewn reflect its pre-historic past, while its association with Brian Boru, Daniel O'Connell and De Valera speak of its influence in domestic and international affairs over many generations.

The population of Clare has been relatively stable over the last decade but the distribution of that population has varied considerably. The county is becoming more and more urbanised with the urban centres gaining population at the expense of the more remote rural areas. More detailed information on the countys demography and geography is contained in this report.

County Clare is acknowledged as being one of the centres of Irish culture in the Country. It is particularly renowned for its music and dance but also boasts motherhood of a wide range of literary luminaries. The county hosts a number of literary and musical festivals each year which attract devotees and fun-lovers from far and wide. While providing facilities for a wide rangeof sporting activities, Clare has a particularly long association with traditional Gaelic Games and, in recent years, has been rewarded for decades of effort with great success in the All-Ireland Championships in hurling.

The Borough of Antrim has something for everyone.

Its central location, high quality tourist accommodation, superb leisure and retail facilities, rich tapestry of history and friendly welcome make it an ideal base for visitors to Northern Ireland.

Belfast International Airport is located only 4 miles from the town of Antrim. Belfast City Airport and the harbours at Larne and Belfast are just 20 minutes drive away. An excellent road network gives easy access to the main tourism attractions throughout Northern Ireland.

Situated at the north-east corner of the largest fresh-water lake in the British Isles, Lough Neagh, the Borough is a scenically beautiful area with an abundance of forests, rivers, trails and woodlands. The Lough itself boasts an exceptional variety of wildlife and plants and its gentle beauty offers a unique tranquility.

For an activity-based holiday, some of the finest sporting and leisure activities in Northern Ireland are on offer. If times gone by interest you, then you will certainly not be disappointed by the variety of heritage sites.

From June 2004, visitors can also enjoy the ultimate shopping experience, as Northern Irelands premier and largest factory outlet centre opens at Junction One on the edge of Antrim town centre.

The marine drive north from Larne, and then west past the Giant's Causeway to the resort of Portrush, follows 60 miles of the most beautiful coast you could imagine.

The first 28 miles were blasted out from the chalky cliffs in 1834. Soon after, when the road was opened right round to Ballycastle, all nine glens suddenly became accessible and the farmers could get to market. The road passes by the foot of each of the glens. If you resist the temptation to turn inland, and stay instead with the road and the sea breezes, a splendid marine drive lies ahead.

Each of the coastal villages has a distinctive character. The castle at Glenarm is the home of the Earls of Antrim, and Carnlough has a famous inn which was once owned by Winston Churchill. The red curfew tower in the middle of Cushendall was built in 1809 as 'a place of confinement for idlers and rioters', and the National Trust village of Cushendun has pretty Cornish cottages and a beautiful beach. The road runs under bridges and arches, passing bays, sandy beaches, harbours and strange rock formations. As you turn Ulster's top right-hand corner, the green crescent of Murlough Bay comes into sight before the climb to the eerie tableland of Fair Head, and a bird's eye view of Rathlin Island.

From one of these harbours, it's said, sorrowful Deirdre and the sons of Uisneach embarked for Scotland to escape the wrath of King Conor.

Oul' Lammas Fair, Ballycastle: fire-eater at work

The biggest annual event is the Oul' Lammas Fair in Ballycastle. In the old days it lasted a week when there was plenty of match-making as well as horse-trading. Today the fun is packed into two hectic days at the end of August.

The garden of Ireland. A natural scenic wonderland. A landscape rich in breathtaking scenery. Just down the road from the capital...

There are long sandy beaches which stretch enticingly along the length of the east coast. Wicklow is also a land of majestic mountains and spectacular valleys like Glenmalure, Glencree, Glenmacnass and the magnificent Glen of Imaal. But famous worldwide is the beautiful Glendalough, the valley of the two lakes, a monastic settlement built in the 6th century and still exuding a sense of peace and tranquility.

County Wicklow is a land of domed granite mountains and purple glens, of soft rolling hills and silvery streams rushing cool and clear from mountain and bogland to swell the rivers of the countryside, or dash headlong towards the sea.

Co Wicklow can boast a wide variety of products, services and attractions, which make it a desirable destination for a broad range of visitors. With a stunning variety of landscapes, from colourful mountain ranges to the sandy beaches straddling its unique coastline, the county is a haven for fans of outdoor pursuits as well as those taking a well earned break, with innovative and imaginative products and accommodation catering for the ever growing tourism market.

County Wicklow is known as the "Garden of Ireland" a name earned for its picturesque landscape, wonderful coastline, mountains and lakes. Wicklow is very fortunate to have an abundance of marvelous gardens and over twenty five golf courses.

Wicklow lies just south of Dublin city where quaint villages and vibrant towns have a great variety of accommodation, pubs and restaurants waiting to be discovered.

Wicklow has spectacular valleys like Glenmalure, Glencree, Glenmacnass and the magnificent Glen of Imaal. But famous worldwide is the beautiful Glendalough, the valley of the two lakes, a monastic settlement, founded in the 6th Century by St. Kevin. Wicklow is a walkers paradise.

Besides the spectacular scenery and the pace of life, the real appeal of Wicklow is her people. Their courtesy, wit and hospitality will captivate you and draw you back year after year to a unique holiday experience. This personal touch inhabits and extends very much into the local pub in County Wicklow. The families, management and staff in Wicklow's pubs will ensure that you will get maximum satisfaction from your stay.

Wherever you drink you will find that 'Cead Mile Failte' - a hundred thousand welcomes, is not an empty slogan in Wickow, but is in the hearts and on the lips of everyone you will meet on your visit inside and outside of Wicklow's pubs. It may be a quiet snug bar, or a modern luxury lounge, a traditional music house where the bodhran reigns supreme or pub which has the best gourmet food, Wicklow's pubs have it all ten fold.

Pub Listings

• Actons Pub and Countryhouse
  The Brooklodge Hotel, Macreddin Village, Co. Wicklow
• Ashford House
  Ashford, Co. Wicklow
• The Avalon
  Shillelagh, Co. Wicklow
• Ballyknockan Inn
  Blessington Lakes Co. Wicklow
• The Bridge Tavern
  Bridge St, Wicklow Town, Co.Wicklow
• Byrnes
  19 Main Street, Carnew, Co. Wicklow
• Byrnes' Irish House
  Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow
• The Beach House
  Greystones, Co. Wicklow
• The Coach House
  Roundwood, Co.Wicklow
• The Coach Inn
  21 Dublin Road, Bray, Co. Wicklow
• The Corner House Bar & Lounge
  No. 19 Main Street, Rathdrum, Co.Wicklow
• The Crocodile Lounge
  Main Street, Carnew, Co. Wicklow
• Fitzpatrick Bros
  The Village, Rathnew, Co. Wicklow
• Fitzpatrick's Pub
  Abbey St., Wicklow Town
• Fitzgerald's Pub
  Main Street, Avoca, Co. Wicklow
• Glenealy Lodge
  Glenealy, Co Wicklow
• Glenmalure Lodge
  Rathdrum, Co.Wicklow
• The Harbour Bar
  Arklow, Co.Wicklow
• Jack White's
  Brittas Bay, Co. Wicklow
• John Joe's Pub
  6 Upper Main Street, Arklow, Co. Wicklow
• Kavanagh's Pub
  Roundwood, Co.Wicklow
• Kavanaghs of Bray
  1 Castle Street, Bray, Co. Wicklow
• Kings Glenealy
  Glenealy, Co. Wicklow
• Leitrim Lounge
  Leitrim Place, Wicklow Town
• Lynham's Laragh Inn
  Laragh, Co. Wicklow
• Lil Doyle's Pub
  Barndarrig, Co. Wicklow
• The Meetings
  Avoca, Co.Wicklow
• Moore's (Browns) Bar
  Kilcashel, Avoca, Co.Wicklow
• Phil Healy's
  Fitzwilliam Square, Wicklow Town
• P O'Connor Ltd
  Abbey Street, Wicklow Town
• Phelan's
  Ballinaclash, Rathdrum, Co. Wicklow
• Phelan's Bar and Lounge
  Aughrim, Co.Wicklow
• Quinn's
  Main Street, Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow
• Toomeys Bar
  Donard, Co. Wicklow
• Town House Pub
  Newtownmountkennedy, Co.Wicklow
• Vartry House Pub
  T/A Kavanagh's Pub, Roundwood, Co. Wicklow
• Roundwood Inn
  Roundwood Village, Co. Wicklow
• Hollywood Inn
  Hollywood, Co. Wicklow
• Fitzpatricks
  The Village, Rathnew, Co Wicklow.
  

Like Elvis we have loads of plans for the future. A few are listed below:

• Grabagaff on tour! We're coming to a college near you!
• SMS alerts! Find out whats happening at a club near you
• Grabagaff the album. No really! It'll be sweet!
• Kev's story (?)
• Cardboard box habitate article.
• User reviews - tell us about your college / gaff / pub / that little chipper around the corner!

TI is Europe's only Institute integrating third level education with rural and business development programmes.

This integration will ensure that learning relates to real-life contexts. Consistent with this uniqueness,it is theintent thatthe learning environment be both dynamic and different. Located in two vibrant and prosperous towns with many living and leisure facilities the populations of Clonmel and Thurles welcome students as members of their local communities.

Tipperary Institute courses involve placements in relevant work environments which enhances your learning and employability on graduation.

As a student, you will gain real-life skills and knowledge, sending a message to prospective employers that you are a person who will make an immediate and valuable contribution in the workplace.

Tools

The Institute utilises leading-edge information and communication technology (ICT) in the delivery of its learning, rural and business development programmes. Both the Thurles and Clonmel campuses are equipped with state-of-the-art technology to enhance your learning experience. When you graduate you will not only be literate in ICT, but experienced in its use through your learning experience in the Institute.

People

The Institute's staff spend a significant proportion of their time working with communities and businesses as part of the Institute's outreach service, thereby forging strong and durable links with these entities and maintaining the currency of their own skills and knowledge.

This currency will benefit you as a student, and your participation in real-life projects will ensure that your skills and knowledge on graduation will be immediately applicable in your chosen work environment.

Courses

Business:
Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognised by the EU as being the most significant sector in the future and economic development of Europe. This is particularly significant in Ireland where 98% of businesses are SMEs. In response to the demand this creates for skilled business enterprise graduates, Tipperary Institute has designed its business studies courses emphasising both the traditional and emerging aspects of business.

The courses incorporate traditional business modules such as marketing, accountancy, management, economics, law and financial management. The courses also include additional subjects which Tipperary Institute has identified as crucial to business in Ireland and Europe, such as languages, entrepreneurship, information and communications technology (ICT), eCommerce, and project management.

Technology:
Technology plays an increasing part in our daily lives and the complexity of today's technology, particularly in the areas of information and communications, means that skill and knowledge levels in the technological sector are vital to prosperity and must be updated constantly. The ICT programmes at Tipperary Institute are designed to give students a broad educational experience, mixing advanced programmes in ICT, practical assignments, as well as programmes in personal development. In addition all students will undertake a work placement module.

Students at Tipperary Institute use the broadband communication network TippNet, coupled with a collaborative learning environment to give them extended access to the learning resources of Tipperary Institute. This enables students to submit work electronically and collaborate in the development of team-based assignments.

Sustainable Rural Development

It has been recognised both nationally and internationally that we must use our scarce natural resources in a way which conserves them as far as possible for future generations while also meeting the social and economic needs of today. It is also recognised that the maintenance of strong, stable and self-sufficient rural communities is both a desirable goal in its own right and one of the best guarantees of the development of rural areas in a sustainable way.

The management of social, economic and environmental impacts of social developments in rural areas and the achievement of a proper balance between them will therefore, be one of the greatest challenges facing the decision-makers of the 21st century. Graduates of the Institute's course in Sustainable Rural Development (SRD), will be equipped with the skills and insights necessary to assist in this decision-making.

Whether operating at a strategic level within local, national or European government, working directly with rural communities in ensuring their long-term viability or working in enterprises devoted to the sustainable use of rural resources, graduates of the National Diploma will be helping to create the sustainable rural communities of the future and the policies and structures that will support them.

The Future

The Institute will develop and extend its range and level of courses in Phase II of this development by offering new courses in emerging fields of economic and social activity such as alternative energy, the environment, tourism and leisure studies etc.

Conclusion

The Institute is fortunate to have highly qualified dedicated and energetic staff who work to generate an exciting and innovative learning and personal development environment. We look forward to sharing this exciting phase of our mutual development, benefiting both students and the Institute. It is appropriate that this exciting new Institute begins to translate its vision into practice at the dawn of a new millennium.

We look forward to sharing those challenges with you. We wish you luck in the process of deciding your future educational path, we hope that you will find that one of our courses will match your needs. Should you feel that a meeting with a member of Tipperary Institute staff or a visit to the campus might help you in your decision making process we would be happy to arrange this with you.

Tipperary Institute,
Nenagh Road, Thurles, Co. Tipperary
Cashel Court, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary

Phone: 353 (0)504 28000,
E-mail: webmaster@TippInst.ie
http://www.tippinst.ie

Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland; it is also the center of Protestantism in Northern Ireland.

But what about the pubs?

Benedicts of Belfast
One of Belfast's newest landmarks, Benedicts has done a very good job of making a name for itself with respect to good food, excellent drink and rather good looking customers. Beer is available downstairs. Food is upstairs and the Hotel is shoved on the top. I'm not too sure how the rooms are but they'd need good sound proofing in the floors!

Bobs
Stick another o in there somewhere and you get a pretty good idea of the clientele :-) But seriously, recently renovated Bobs is a modern mid twenties affair with metal and wood decor. Yes... wood.

Botanic Inn
Probably the most popular bar in the University Quarter, frequented mostly by Students, ex Students and pre-students It's a young crowd. Along with the nightclub upstairs the Bot is definitely the industry standard and well worth a visit.

Copperfields
A small pub with a great atmosphere. This pub is very popular with all ages (this is obvious when you enter because you can rarely find a seat!). The drinks prices are reasonable and the staff are always friendly.

Cutters Wharf
The only pub in the Stranmillis vicinity, Cutter's Wharf is most definitely a summertime establishment. In fact it is the ultimate summer bar because of the outside seating overlooking the River Lagan. Perfect for those returning from a walk along the towpath.

Dempseys Terrace
Opened in April 1993 and since that time has remained one of Belfast's most noticeable night-spots. The complex comprises of a number of theme bars, encompassing Victorian, Elizabethan Art Nouveau and Traditional Irish.

Duke of York
One of the oldest bars in Belfast, the Duke of York is situated in a bustling alleyway near St Anne's Cathedral. It has been recently refurbished with all original reclaimed fittings giving it an old style atmosphere.

Dukes Hotel
A beautiful hotel beside Ulster Museum and Botanic Gardens, 15 mins walk from city centre. Golf courses only minutes away, 21 en-suite bedrooms. Hi tech gymnasium and saunas, elegant restaurant, lounge bar and popular Dukes Bar. A friendly welcome and service is guaranteed.

Empire Music Hall
One of the oldest and most commercially famous establishments in Belfast. You've more than likely heard of it for its comedy; the Empire laughs back was a popular event and more recently has been televised.

Fountain Tavern
This is a very traditional pub with Tudor design. Inside there is a very friendly and warm atmosphere. Meals are on sale daily and prices start at 3.00.

Hunters
Ahh Hunters. And MY what a change from what it used to be; not that I can remember of course. Hunters is a multilevel pub with lots of seats and lots of room, although that doesn't stop it getting packed at weekends.

Kellys Cellars
Easily one of Belfast Oldest pubs. Nestling in what used to be an alley way off Royal Avenue it has quietly served it's Guinness to local punters. They've knocked down a few buildings and now Kellys sits in a square beside Castlecourt, Belfast main shopping archade. It hasn't lost its charm though and the Guinness is still the best.

Landsdowne Court Hotel
If you're looking for an out of town location thats not too out of town then the Landsdowne Court Hotel could very well be your ideal choice. It's located on the Antrim Road in a leafy subburb of North Belfast. Its served by loads of buses into town along the Antrim Road and is a short walk from Belfast Castle, its grounds, Cavehill, the Zoo and Fortwilliam Golf Course.

Laverys
A word synomynous with Saturday night for many Belfast youngsters, midsters and not-so youngsters. Laverys has about the largest age range of any pub I know, from the seasoned folk on the ground floor to the 'blimey, you're how old!?'s on the top.

Renshaws Hotel
Situated close to Queen's University and is within pleasant walking distance from Belfast city centre and the famous Golden Mile. Renshaw's is the ideal venue with 20 comfortable en suite bedrooms, the superb restaurant and Renshaw's relaxing Bistro Bar for your visit to Belfast and, in particular, the University area. B&B includes full continental breakfast.

The Crown Liquor Saloon
Ageless and priceless - without doubt one of the great bars of the world. The Crown Liquor Saloon in Great Victoria Street, Belfast was perhaps the greatest of Victorian gin palaces which once flourished in the industrial cities of Britain. Today wonderfully preserved, the Crown is cherished and still well used by the people of Belfast.

The Front Page
Breakbeat, Big Beat, Funk and Soul crafted together, a nice private dance floor (round the corner from where everyone is seated), friendly people and a pub that OPENS its windows for those of us who don't want to die of nicotine inhalation. Ideal if you just want to sit and chill, or dance til you drop.

The Globe
Once again the good old Elms has been transformed...good riddance to Scream, hello the Globe. Following along the lines of The Apartment and a few others the Globe is now mellow and has a pseudo-70's decor....

The Kremlin
Belfast's Premier Gay Venue, Kremlin opened its doors on 6th March 1999 and since then has firmly established itself as the heart of Gay Belfast.

The Old Schoolhouse Inn
Situated at Castle Espie, beside the beautiful scenery of Strangford Lough the Old Schoolhouse Inn is a superb place to stay, relax and enjoy your stay in Northern Ireland.

Wellington Park Hotel
Offering the Finest Traditions of Irish Warmth and Hospitality... located in the fashionable University area of Belfast, Northern Ireland, the Wellington Park Hotel is newly redeveloped, combining a stylish contemporary decor and a level of service and facilities guaranteed to satisfy the most discerning international traveller.

Clubs

Botanic Inn
Probably the most popular bar in the University Quarter, frequented mostly by Students, ex Students and pre-students it's a young crowd. Along with the nightclub upstairs the Bot is definitely the industry standard and well worth a visit.

Landsdowne Court Hotel
If you're looking for an out of town location that's not too out of town then the Landsdowne Court Hotel could very well be your ideal choice. It's located on the Antrim Road in a leafy subburb of North Belfast. Its served by loads of buses into town along the Antrim Road and is a short walk from Belfast Castle, its grounds, Cavehill, the Zoo and Fortwilliam Golf Course.

Manhatten (M-Club)
M-Club started off slow but has since become one of Belfast's hottest venues. It regularly plays host to many big name DJs and famous faces.

Renshaws Hotel
Situated close to Queen's University and is within pleasant walking distance from Belfast city centre and the famous Golden Mile. Renshaw's is the ideal venue with 20 comfortable en suite bedrooms, the superb restaurant and Renshaw's relaxing Bistro Bar for your visit to Belfast and, in particular, the University area. B&B includes full continental breakfast.

Ski Bunny
The brainchild of ex-Tunic members Tanya and Mark - the club was born out of necessity and boredom. In response to the fact that there is nothing very inspiring in clubs in Belfast they gave us chilled out, candle lit, intimate, close contact pizza eating moments. They have provided a haven for the many who have tired of the usual social traffic and blessed us with a pleasure park of grooves for all types of riders - Northern Soul, Motown, Post Pop, Experimental, Electro, Indie and real HipHop all acid colour to the stylistic monochrome interior of Belfast's Soul and Jazz Caf.

Parks & Attractions

Barnett Demesne
A picturesque setting in south Belfast. It's rolling meadows and parkland house

Belfast Castle
Sits on the slopes of Cavehill overlooking Belfast Lough. It's steeped in History, too much to go into here. It's lucky it's got its own website. From being used in World War II as a war control room to its current purpose as a popular wedding venue and restaurant the Castle has seen it all. If you're in Belfast a visit to the castle and it's grounds is a must.

Belfast Zoo
The Zoo, overlooking Belfast Lough, is one of the most acclaimed zoos in the world. Its unparalleled aquatic enclosures are not to be missed.

Belvoir Forest Park
A short drive south of the city, ideal for long walks and tranquil atmosphere provide a pleasant change fro the hustle of the City.

Botanic Gardens
Right beside the university, the botanic gardens are a refuge for students and wildlife alike; and alike they are....

The Odyssey
Odyssey is Northern Ireland's Landmark Millennium Project. Odyssey is located on Queen's Quay Belfast, Northern Ireland. The project cost 91.5 million and the main arena venue opened just before Christmas 2000. All the venues within the complex are due to open by Spring 2001.

Historical Sites

Belfast Castle
Belfast Castle sits on the slopes of Cavehill overlooking Belfast Lough. It's steeped in History, too much to go into here. It's lucky it's got its own website. From being used in World War II as a war control room to its current purpose as a popular wedding venue and restaurant the Castle has seen it all. If you're in Belfast a visit to the castle and it's grounds is a must.

Belfast City Hall
The centre piece of Belfast City, the City Hall was completed in 1906 and has since been the scene of many of the provinces most significant moments in history.

The Crown Liquor Saloon
The Crown is both ageless and priceless, a gem of Victoriana, and without doubt one of the great bars of the world. The Crown Liquor Saloon in Great Victoria Street, Belfast was perhaps the greatest of Victorian gin palaces which once flourished in the industrial cities of Britain. Today wonderfully preserved, the Crown is cherished and still well used by the people of Belfast.

The Queens University Of Belfast
Over 15O years old the University has fostered the intellect of students for over 7 generations and still leads the world in cutting edge research.

Ulster Hall
Located in the City Centre, the Ulster Hall has long upheld a tradition of good music from the Ulster Orchestra to Take That ...

Dundalk is the principal centre in the middle of the East Coast. Within a 30 mile radius there is a population of 428,000.

A 50 mile radius brings in Irelands two main cities, Dublin and Belfast, increasing the catchment to in excess of 3 million. Dundalk is located on the M1/N1 National Primary Route equidistant between the two cities. It is also served by an excellent inter-city rail network. Dundalk is very advantageously positioned in relation to international airports, which are located to the north of Dublin and the south of Belfast.

Dundalk is 40 minutes commuting distance of Dublin International Airport.

Dundalk is one of the largest urban centres in Ireland and primed to become Irelands first new city of the 21st Century.

Dundalk Key Points

Designated City Status - Dundalk has been selected as a Gateway Centre for Development under the Irish Governments National Spatial Strategy. This will position Dundalk as a primary centre of growth, alongside the four cities of Ireland outside Dublin.

Dundalk has an excellent infrastructure (roads, rail, telecoms, power, water, waste management) to support industry with significant recent investment.

It is a major hub for Government Services, Shopping, Industry, Education and Transport.

Dundalk is strategically located midway on the busiest economic corridor in Ireland the M1/N1 road linking Belfast and Dublin. The road network (upgraded to motor way standard), is supported by an excellent high-speed rail network.

The Dundalk area has an abundance of skilled labour and a pool of well-educated and eager young people. 10,000 persons from the region are in full time third level education within the Rep of Ireland alone.

Over 5,500 people from the Dundalk region commute on a daily basis to work in Dublin. Access improvements (road/rail) have facilitated a growing pool of highly skilled workers to live in the area and travel to work in Dublin, many of whom would be predisposed to working in Dundalk.

The Dundalk area has considerable technological expertise, apart from its centre of excellence based around DKIT (Dundalk Institute of Technology), the region plays host to world leading companies such as Xerox, ABB, Coca Cola, Littelfuse (GE), DIAGEO, Quantum and Heinz.

Attractions include Louth County Museum which has displays on local industries (Tel: 042 27056), Great Northern Harp Brewery tours (By arrangement Tel 042 34793), St Nicholas's Church, Saint Patrick's Cathedral which has impressive mosaics, the Maid of Eireann stone erected in memory of the United Irishmen killed in the 1798 rebellion against the English.

Dundalk also has accommodation, eateries, bars, a cinema and discos. (Dundalk tourist office Tel: 042 35484)

Waterford City, steeped in history, heritage and culture, represents a unique blend of modern shopping centres, traditional pubs and highly acclaimed gourmet restaurants 9 of the Bridgestone Guides top 100 restaurants in Ireland are located in County Waterford.

There is also much to do and see as the city features three of Ireland premier visitor attractions. The Waterford Crystal Visitor Centre, the highly praised Waterford Museum of Treasures and the Waterford Walking Tour. Most recently, a section of the Waterford to Dungarvan railway line has been rebuilt. From this narrow gauge railway, travelling at 15km per hour visitors can experience the beauty of the Suir Valley as they take in the panoramic views of the river, rolling farmland, and mountains.

County Waterford has some of the most beautiful (and varied) scenery in Ireland. Much of the north and centre of the county is mountainous, including the Comeragh range with its stunning lakes. The Waterford coastline is a series of rugged cliffs and sand-fringed bays, where you'll find many attractive seaside resorts - Tramore being the most well known.

The Blackwater valley, with its flanking hills and numerous wooded stretches, provides the finest river scenery in Ireland. The picturesque town of Lismore, through which the Blackwater flows, is beautifully situated at the foot of the Knockmealdown Mountains. The charming fishing village of Dunmore East is well worth a visit.

Most famous as the home of Waterford Crystal, Waterford is a small friendly city filled with things to see and do. Dating back to Viking times, Waterford is Irelands oldest city.

Its impressive medieval city walls, cobbled back streets and colourful waterfront give Waterford a charming feel. Visit Reginalds Tower, Irelands most historic urban monument, which has stood on its Waterford Quay site for more than a thousand years.

Pubs in Waterford

• Bride View Bar Tallow, Co. Waterford
• The Anchor Bar Dunmore East, Co. Waterford
• Davitts Pub The Quay Dungarvan, Co. Waterford
• Holycross Bar & Restaurant Butlerstown, Co. Waterford
• The Sweep Bar Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford
• Egans Lounge Bars & Belfry Hotel Waterford, Co. Waterford
• City Arms Restaurant & Bar Waterford, Co. Waterford
• The Olde Stand Waterford, Co. Waterford
• Brownes Bar Ballyduff, Co. Waterford
• Crokers Waterford, Co. Waterford
• Egans Waterford, Co. Waterford
• Jack Meades Waterford, Co. Waterford
• The Glencairn Inn Lismore, Co. Waterford
• Harney's Bar Dunhill, Co. Waterford
• The Ship Dunmore East, Co. Waterford
• Carrolls Cross Roadhouse Kilmacthomas, Co. Waterford
• De Lacey's Tavern Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford
• Long Hall Tavern Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford
• Cosy Thatch Pub Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford
• Cats Cappoquin, Co. Waterford
• Anchor Bar Dungarvan, Co. Waterford
• Bridgie Terries Bar Dungarvan, Co. Waterford
• Radleys Lounge Bar Dungarvan, Co. Waterford
• Shandon Arms Dungarvan, Co. Waterford
• Seanachie Dungarvan, Co. Waterford
• The Moorings Dungarvan, Co. Waterford.
  

County Kerry, traditionally known as the 'kingdom', is situated in the extreme south-west of Ireland.

Kerry has two contrasting types of terrain - the mountainous south with the Beara, Iveragh and Dingle peninsulas, and the smaller 'plains' area that stretches as far north as the Shannon estuary.

Along the coast, sandy bays alternate with cliffs and rocky headlands. You'll also see regions of outstanding scenic beauty, such as the Ring of Kerry. Why not explore this beautiful country with a rail and coach tour?

The drive from Tralee to Brandon is spectacular, and in the Brandon Art Gallery, the beauty of Kerry's scenery is captured in a collection of stunning oil paintings. From Brandon, you can walk over the Conor Pass to Dingle - or simply climb Mount Brandon to experience raw beauty at its best. However, scenery is by no means Kerry's only attraction; there are many coastal resorts with excellent angling, great cycling, superb golf courses and a wealth of ancient monuments.

Tralee and Killarney, County Kerry

Tralee, the bustling capital town of County Kerry, is home to the internationally renowned 'Rose of Tralee' festival, held every August. Tralee has great recreational facilities and a well-preserved 18th century port. Killarney, Kerry's second town, offers good shops and restaurants, and is situated within easy reach of some of the most beautiful countryside in Ireland, with mountains, island-studded lakes and wooded glens.

The origin of the expression "The Kingdom" Ciar raige anglicised Kerry means Ciar's Kingdom or Kingdom of Ciar. Ciar was the progenitor of the O'Connor Kerry Clan. Around 65 AD Ciar took possession of an area of land stretching from the river Maine in the south and the Shannon estuary in the north and included the peninsula of Corca Duibhne or Dingle Peninsula. This territory at the time was known as Clar na Cliabh or The Plain of Swords.

By the 6th century it was known as Ciarraige or Ciar's Kingdom. It is mentioned in a 6th Century Manuscript as Ciarraige of the Plain Swords a combination of the old and the new name at the time.

The river known by the anglicised name Cashen in Gaelic is known as Casan Ciarraige Luachra or The Pathway to The Kingdom of Ciar of the Rushes. It was one of the important petty kingdoms of ancient Ireland and the only one of incorporate the word Kingdom as part of its name."

The Ciarrai, from whom the name of the county derives, invaded and occupied the region in early historical times. They claimed descent from Ciar, son of Fergus, a legendary king of Ulster. In the middle ages Kerry was divided between the kingdoms of Thomond in the north and Desmond in the south, dominated by the O'Briens and the McCarthys respectively. It was later dominated by the Norman Fitzgeralds.

Pubs in Kerry

• McElligotts Bar Ardfert, Co. Kerry
• Dick Macks Dingle, Co. Kerry
• Buckleys Bar Killarney, Co. Kerry
• Paidi O'Se's Pub Ventry, Co. Kerry
• Brown Flesk Inn Killarney, Co. Kerry
• Ashes Tralee, Co. Kerry
• Baileys Corner Tralee, Co. Kerry
• The Laurels Killarney, Co. Kerry
• The Bianconi Killorglin, Co. Kerry
• The Mermaids Listowel, Co. Kerry
• Moerans Pub Kenmare, Co. Kerry
• O'Connors Traditional Pub And Internet Caf Killarney, Co. Kerry
• The Ring Lyne Valentia island, Co. Kerry
• The Point Bar Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry
• Caitin Baiters Kells bay, Co. Kerry
• Larkins Pub And Restaurant Milltown, Co. Kerry
• An Bothar Dingle, Co. Kerry
• O'Flaherty Dingle, Co. Kerry
• Stokers Lodge Bar And Restaurant Tralee, Co. Kerry
• Val O'Sheas Bar And Bistro Tralee, Co. Kerry
• Ned Natterjacks Castlegregory, Co. Kerry
• Tigh an tSaorsaigh Ballyferriter, Co. Kerry
• The Marina Inn Dingle, Co. Kerry
• An Conair Bar Dingle, Co. Kerry
• Tigh Maire De Barras Dingle, Co. Kerry
• The Half Door Dingle, Co. Kerry
• JDs Bar Ballybunion, Co. Kerry
• The Purple Heather Kenmare, Co. Kerry
• The Horseshoe Kenmare, Co. Kerry
• Kruger's Inn Dunquin, Co. Kerry
• Greenes Killarney, Co. Kerry
• Molly Darcy's Killarney, Co. Kerry
• Crock O' Gold Killarney, Co. Kerry
• Tatler Jack Killarney, Co. Kerry
• Shebeen Bar and Restaurant Ring of kerry, Co. Kerry
• Toms Tavern Ring of kerry, Co. Kerry
• The Lanterns Bar Tarbert, Co. Kerry
• Swanky Bar Tarbert, Co. Kerry
• O'Connors Tavery Tarbert, Co. Kerry
• Tomas Coolahan Tarbert, Co. Kerry
• Gerry Savage Tarbert, Co. Kerry
• Chaplins (footmans Bar) Tralee, Co. Kerry
• Mc Elliott's Bar Tralee, Co. Kerry
• O'Flattery's Tralee, Co. Kerry
• The Oyster Tavern Tralee, Co. Kerry
• Kingdom Bar Listowel, Co. Kerry
• Cronin's Bar Listowel, Co. Kerry
• The Good Auld Days Listowel, Co. Kerry
• Chutes Bar Listowel, Co. Kerry
• John B. Keane Listowel, Co. Kerry
• The Pure Drop Listowel, Co. Kerry
• Allo's Bar & Bistro Listowel, Co. Kerry
• Quilter's Bar Lixnaw, Co. Kerry
• Mike Murts Cahersiveen, Co. Kerry
• Cyclists Rest Fahan, Co. Kerry
• The Junction Bar Camp, Co. Kerry
• Fitzgerald's Pub Castlegregory, Co. Kerry
• The Ventry Inn Ventry, Co. Kerry
• Dan Foley Annascaul, Co. Kerry
• An Tochar Ban Ardfert, Co. Kerry
• Flahertys Bar Ardfert, Co. Kerry
• Browne's Bar Ballyduff, Co. Kerry
• Manor Inn Killorglin, Co. Kerry
• The Greyhound Bar Tralee, Co. Kerry
• The Oyster Tavern Tralee, Co. Kerry
• The Rambling House Bar Tralee, Co. Kerry
• Murphys Of Killarney Killarney, Co. Kerry.
  

Located 20 miles west of Derry City and 35 miles north of Donegal Town, Letterkenny is the largest town in Co. Donegal. The town has a buzzing nightlife and offers great historical and recreational opportunities for visitors to the area.

In the recent past the population of Letterkenny consisted of cattle and sheep grazing on what were then untilled hillside in those very early days when Conwall was the ecclesiastical and seaport centre ( 2 miles west of Letterkenny). The waters of the Atlantic had not yet reached from the basin of the Swilly whose estuary at that time extended up almost as far as New Mills - proof of this may be found in those alluvial flat-lands between Oldtown and Port Road.

Letterkenny takes its name from the Irish " Leitirceanainn " - meaning the "Hillside of the O'Cannons" - the O'Cannons being the last of the ancient chieftains of Tir Conaill. Another derivation of the name Letterkenny from the Irish "Leitir Ceann-Fhoinn" could possibly be the "Fairheaded Hillside".

Although the O'Cannons were the last chieftains of Tir Conaill no evidence of forts or castles belonging to the clan exists in or around the Letterkenny district.

Rory O'Cannon, the last chieftain of the O'Cannon clan was killed in 1248. Godfrey O'Donnell succeeded Rory O'Cannon as King of Tir Conaill. He engaged Maurice Fitzgerald, the Norman Lord, in battle at Credan in North Sligo in 1257 in which both received finally fatal wounds. Godfrey retired to a crannog in Lough Beag (Garten Lake). O'Neill of Tyrone taking advantage of Godfrey's fatal illness demanded submission, hostages and pledges from the Cenel Conail since they had no strong chieftain since the wounding of Godfrey. Godfrey summoned his forces and led them himself although he had to be carried on a litter (stretcher). O'Neill and his men were completely defeated here by the Swilly 1258. Godfrey died after the battle as he was being carried down Letterkenny Main Street. He was buried in Conwall Cemetery. A coffin-shaped cross slab marks his grave to this day.

The receding of the waters of the Atlantic eastwards enabled progress - the building of bridges etc., and the town of Letterkenny as we know it today took place. It all began in the wake of the Ulster Plantation 1610-'11 when 1000 acres were granted to a Scotsman Patrick Crawford who then formed a compact community presumably made up of his own friends.

But the honour of formally launching the town is supposed to go to Sir George Marbury, who married Patrick Crawford's widow, - Crawford having died suddenly while on a return visit to his native Scotland. Initially there were about fifty drab habitations possibly sited where the Oldtown is situated today - perhaps that's how the area got it's name as it is the oldest part of the town.

The main streets as we know them today with their traffic congestion, were then no more than pony tracks used by the hill farmers to come to the markets - these were started by Patrick Crawford with only a few animals - a far cry from the busy mart days of the present.

Pubs

Dillons
Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9122977
Letterkenny

Swilly Inn
Gortlee Tel: 353 (0)74 9125944
Letterkenny

Sister Sara's
Port Road Tel: 353 (0)74 9122238
Letterkenny

Mc Clafferty's Bar
Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9121581
Letterkenny

Blakes Bar
Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9121616
Letterkenny

Glencar Inn
Glencar Shopping Centre Tel: 353 (0)74 9129151
Letterkenny E

Hideout Bar & Lounge
Oldtown Tel: 353 (0)74 9125945
Letterkenny

Josie's Bar
Lower Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9120800
Letterkenny

Oasis
L,kenny Shopping Centre Tel: 353 (0)74 9123197
Letterkenny

The Brewery
Market Square Tel: 353 (0)74 9127330
Letterkenny

The Bar Barracks
Lower Main St Tel:
Letterkenny

Central Bar
Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9124088
Letterkenny Email:
Website:
Gallagher's Hotel
Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9122066
Letterkenny

Orchard Inn
High Road Tel: 353 (0)74 9121615
Letterkenny

The Cavern
Lower Main St Tel: 353 (0)74 9126733
Letterkenny

The Mono Bar
Lower Main St Tel: 353 (0)74 9177911
Letterkenny

The Drum Bar
Lower Main St Tel: 353 (0)74 9121961
Letterkenny

Pentagon Bar
Upper Main St Tel: 353 (0)74 9122977
Letterkenny

Mc Ginleys Bar
Lower Main Street Tel: 353 (0)74 9121106
Letterkenny

The capital of County Carlow, this town has the name of being the Celtic Centre of Ireland.

Near to the town is the tiny Sleaty Church, reputed to be where the oldest Christian manuscript - The Life of Saint Patrick - was said to have originated. Many fine, historical buildings will capture your interest, specifically the Cathedral which took more than 14 years from 1833. You will only be able to notice one wall and two towers of Carlow Castle - built in the 13th century, it was a ruin by 1765.

For a more complete site of historical interest, take a trip to Carlow's spectacular Brown Hills Dolmen - a field monument of huge proportions. As is often the case with these remnants of an ancient time, the purpose and history of this Megalithic structure is a mystery. The likeliest explanation is that it marks the burial of a local king but myth and conjecture have long since masked any known facts.

Despite the size of the town, it plays host to an impressive array of festivals throughout the year. These culminate in the Feile an Fhomhair Carlow which is a five day bilingual festival in October with an environmental theme.

Carlow's original name, Ceatharlach, is thought to have originated from the Irish for 'Four Lakes', though some historians have evidence to dispute this.

The history of the town can be traced to almost 4,000 years ago. Both the town and the county of Carlow has numerous attractions of historical and pre-historical significance. For example, just a few minutes drive from Carlow town is the Brownshill Dolmen, boasting the largest capstone in Ireland, if not Europe.

Carlow was also very much a military town in it's past, because of it's strategic positioning - a fact which is reflected in the remains of the once masterful Carlow Castle.

The watering holes:

COSMO BROWN @ THE RITZ
BROWNS CLUB, Tullow Street, CarlowCarlows new hotel is located on Tullow St, the towns principal social and shopping street. 19 ensuite bedrooms. Browns Club - Night club 4 nights Thurs - Sun. Caf Bar, conference & Meeting rooms, function rooms.
Tel: (059) 9141384
Fax: (059) 9141398
Email: info@cosmobrown.com
Web: www.cosmobrown.com

IRISHMANS, THE
Court Place, Carlow. The Irishmans provides a warm, friendly atmosphere where you can relax in our old style traditional bar and newly renovated lounge. Friendly, welcoming staff and a great sporting venue with satellite to capture all major sporting events from around the world. Private Parties and functions catered for. Car Parking available (caters for up to 60 cars)
Tel: (059) 9131171

NANCY WHISKEYS
The Haymarket, Carlow, your Friendly Neighbourhood pub, comfortable surroundings, friendly attentive staff and loads of parking. Live Music every weekend and live premiership soccer, rugby & GAA. Racing Channel daily.
Tel: (059) 9135588

SHERIFF GUEVARA'S PUBLIC HOUSE & BISTRO BAR
11 Brown Street, Carlow. Full lunch & dinner menu. Only Lazer Juke Box in town. 2 Tournament Pool Tables. Live music every Saturday night. Karoake Tues & Thurs. DJ's every Tues, Thurs & Sun. Poker Nights every Thursday. Function room available for parties & functions and a beer garden. Draft Pints €2.80 every Monday.
Tel: (059) 9142172
Fax: (056) 7723639
Email: info@sheriffguevara.com
Web: www.sheriffguevara.com

BUZZ'S BAR
Tullow Street, Carlow. It's Where The Party's At ! .... Is Yours ? Late Bar Thursday, Friday & Saturday until 1.30am. Late Bar Sunday until 1.00am. Private function area (separate entrance). Carvery Monday - Saturday. Live music Thursday & Sunday evenings. DJ's Friday - Sunday. Hen & Stag parties welcome. 6 full size snooker tables & jukebox upstairs.
Tel: (059) 9143307
Fax: (059) 9135515
Email: info@buzzs.com
Web: www.buzzs.com

CARPENTERS BAR & RESTAURANT
10 Barrack Street, Carlow. Traditional Bar, Lounge & Restaurant. Large Screens for all major sporting events. Functions catered for. Off License, gaming machines and undertakers...
Tel: (059) 9143059
Email: carpentersbar@yahoo.co.uk

CASTLE TAVERN BAR & OFF-LICENSE
Castle Street, Carlow. Carlow's original Rock bar. Juke Box. DJ Fri. Sat & Sun. Our off-license provides a full range of wines and exotic beers from around the world. Parties catered for.
Tel: (059) 9140279 / 9176996
Fax: (0503) 7790851

FINEGAN'S BAR & OFF LICENSE
31 Tullow Street, Carlow. Comfortable & traditional surroundings. Functions & parties of all sizes catered for. Live music every weekend. Large screens for all weekend sporting events. Our off license provides you with a full range of wines and exotic beverages from around the globe.
Tel: (059) 9131233

LENNON'S
121 Tullow Street, Carlow. Modern & warm surroundings. Award winning food service. Lunches served daily 12am-4pm. Live music every weekend. Functions & parties catered for
Tel: (059) 9131575
Fax: (059) 9131579

MCHUGH'S COURTHOUSE HOTEL
38/39 Dublin Street, Carlow. With its central location and close to the River Barrow walkways, town park, shopping areas, other bars, restaurants and nightclubs, McHugh's Courthouse Hotel makes for an ideal place to stay. All rooms En-Suite with bath. Live Entertainment every Friday & Saturday night in McHugh's Bar. Attractive a la carte menu in The Jury Room Restaurant. Conference room available.
Tel: 353 59 91 33243
Fax: 353 59 91 33430
Email: info@mchughscourthousehotel.com
Web: www.mchughscourthousehotel.com

O'LOUGHLINS
Dublin Street, Carlow. Lively comfortable bar with a town center location. Fresh lunches served every day. Pool tables & dartboard. DJ's Thurdsay to Sunday. Student nights every Thursday.
Tel: (059) 9132205
Fax: (059) 9141471

SCRAGGS ALLEY & NEXUS NITECLUB
12/13 Tullow Street, Carlow. Carlow's No.1 Student Venue. Coming Soon-Late Bar Thurs, Fri & Sat. Mon-Thurs, student promotions galore. Live Music every Monday & Sunday night. Function room available for parties & functions. NEXUS Niteclub every Tues, Thurs & Sat. On Tuesday nights NEXUS niteclub is Carlow Towns only late night venue.
Tel: (059) 9140407/9142233
Fax: (059) 9130845

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